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MAN3240 Exam 2 > Cultural Values and Ability > Flashcards

Cultural Values and Ability Flashcards

1
Q

Culture

A

Shared values, beliefs, motives, identities, and interpretations that result from common experiences of members of society and are transmitted across generations

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2
Q

Self Reference Effect

A

People process self reference information significantly better
- Individualism: you = self
- Collectivism: you = self and parents (community)

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3
Q

Hofstede’s 6 Dimensions

A

Power Distance
Individualism
Femininity/Masculinity
Uncertainty Avoidance
Long-term Orientation
Restraint/Indulgence

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4
Q

Power Distance

A

How acceptable are inequalities in power among people?
- Low: prefers power distributed uniformly - egalitarian fashion (comfortable challenging/suggesting ideas to manager)
- High: accepts the fact that power is usually distributed unequally (what the manager says, goes)

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5
Q

Individualism

A

How interdependent are people?
- Individualism: loosely knit social framework - people take care of themselves and immediate family (me and my family, competition)
- Collectivism: tight social framework - people take care of member of and are loyal to broader group (whole community, teamwork)

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6
Q

Uncertainty Avoidance

A

Should we try to control the future or just let it happen?
- Low: tolerates uncertain and ambiguous situation and values unusual ideas and behaviors (not afraid of risks - deal with it later)
- High: feels threatened by unusual or ambiguous situations and rely on formal rules (more rigid social codes) for stability (not open to new ideas - emphasis on punctuality and efficiency)

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7
Q

Masculinity

A

Is competition or cooperation more valued?
- Masculine: values assertiveness and acquisition of money and things (competition, cut to the chase, criticism, more business)
- Feminine: Values caring for others and quality of life (cooperation, small talk, praise, more social)

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8
Q

Short/Long Term Orientation

A

Should we focus on the past/present or the future?
- Short-term: Values that are past or present oriented (tradition, fulfilling obligations, focus on last quarter to this quarter)
- Long-term: Values that are future oriented (persistence, prudence, and thrift, focus on 5 years from now)

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9
Q

Indulgence

A

Should we gratify or try to control our desires and impulses?
- Indulgence: Allows free gratification of basic and natural human drives to enjoy life and have fun (spending – update tech every 2 years, free coffee, ping pong table)
- Restraint: Suppresses gratification of needs and regulates its means of strict social norms (saving – update tech only when broken; more money in the long run)

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10
Q

Why do these values matter in an organization?

A
  • Expatriates
  • Customers
  • International employees
    (when any of these are from another country or culture)
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11
Q

Ability

A

Relatively stable capabilities to perform a particular range of different but related activities

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12
Q

3 Types of Ability

A
  • Cognitive
  • Emotional
  • Physical
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13
Q

Cognitive Ability

A

acquisition and application of KNOWLEDGE in problem solving
- single strongest predictor of employee’s performance
- dimensions are positively correlated (verbal-quantitative weaker correlation)

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14
Q

Cognitive Ability Dimensions

A
  • Verbal
  • Quantitative
  • Reasoning
  • Spatial
  • Perceptual
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15
Q

Verbal (Cognitive Dimension)

A
  • oral and written comprehension
  • oral and written expression
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16
Q

Quantitative (Cognitive Dimension)

A
  • number facility
  • mathematical reasoning
17
Q

Reasoning (Cognitive Dimension)

A
  • deductive reasoning
  • inductive reasoning
  • problem sensitivity
  • originality
18
Q

Spacial (Cognitive Dimension)

A
  • spacial orientation
  • visualization
19
Q

Perceptual (Cognitive Dimension)

A
  • speed and flexibility of closure
  • perceptual speed
20
Q

g-factor/GMA/General Cognitive Ability

A

overarching factor that underlies or causes all of the more specific cognitive abilities
- strong correlation with task performance (learn better, high for complex tasks)
- verbal and quantitative have weak but positive correlations

21
Q

Ways to Measure Cognitive Ability

A
  • SAT, GRE, GMAT
  • Wonderlic
  • IQ Test
22
Q

Emotional Ability (Emotional Intelligence)

A

Management and use of EMOTIONS when interacting with others
- critical for jobs that require a lot of emotional labor

23
Q

Emotional Ability Dimensions

A
  • Self Awareness
  • Other Awareness (perspective taking)
  • Emotional Regulation (self control)
  • Use of Emotions (impression management)
24
Q

Self Awareness

A

Ability of an individual to UNDERSTAND the emotions he/she is experiencing, the willingness to ACKNOWLEDGE them, and the capability to EXPRESS them accurately
(one’s ability to understand acknowledge and express their own emotions)

25
Q

Other Awareness (Perspective Taking)

A

Ability of an individual to RECOGNIZE and UNDERSTAND the emotions that OTHER individuals are feeling

26
Q

Emotional Regulation (Self Control)

A

Ability to quickly RECOVER FROM EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCES and CONTROL one’s feelings

27
Q

Use of Emotions (Impression Management)

A

Ability of an individual to harness emotions and use them TO IMPROVE THEIR CHANCE OF BEING SUCCESSFUL in a given area

28
Q

Cognitive and Emotional for Job Performance

A

EI is more important for Job Performance for those with LOW cognitive ability
(High EI – high job performance with low or high cog. ability)

29
Q

Physical Ability Dimensions

A
  • Strength
  • Stamina
  • Flexibility
30
Q

Strength (Physical Ability)

A

degree to which the body is capable of exerting force (static, explosive, dynamic)

31
Q

Stamina (Physical Ability)

A

ability of person’s lungs and circulatory system to work efficiently when a person is engaging in prolonged physical activity

32
Q

Flexibility (Physical Ability)

A

ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach (extent, dynamic)

33
Q

Ability Tests in Business

A

Personality tests and ability tests are powerful tools
- Personality tests: what people are like
- Ability tests: what people can do (not will do)

MAN3240 Exam 2 (7 decks)

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