Leadership II Flashcards
What are the key characteristics of leaders?
They seek and implement change, provide vision, and cause pain
What are the key characteristics of managers?
They maintain the status quo
Define transactional leadership
Leadership based on a straightforward exchange between the leader and followers
What are three styles of transactional leadership?
- Contingent reward
- Management by exception (active)
- Management by exception (passive)
Explain how a leader can use contingent rewards
Contracts exchange of reward for effort, promises rewards for good performance, and recognizes accomplishments
Explain how a leader can use exhibit management by exception (active)
They watch and search for deviations from rules and standards, and take corrective action (i.e. taking action before things go bad)
Explain how a leader can use exhibit management by exception (passive)
They intervene only if standards are not met (i.e. taking action when things go bad)
Describe what is mean by “laissez-faire leaders”
Leaders with this style:
- Provide limited instructions
- Have limited contact with subordinates/team members
- Often do not provide feedback, goals
- Take the approach of “letting people do their job”
Are laissez-faire leaders effective? Why?
No, and they are often frustrating for employees. When you have a ton of autonomy but no feedback, the autonomy becomes irrelevant: it will break down and employees won’t be motivated. You need a measure of how well you’re doing and how to improve in order to be motivated
Define transformational leadership
Leadership that provides followers with a new vision that instills true commitment
What are the four “I’s” of transformational leadership?
- Intellectual Stimulation
- Individualized Consideration
- Inspirational Motivation
- Idealized Influence (Charisma)
Describe “intellectual stimulation” in terms of transformational leadership
Promotes intelligence, rationality, and careful problem-solving
Describe “individualized consideration” in terms of transformational leadership
Gives personal attention, treats each employee individually, coaches, advises
Describe “inspirational motivation” in terms of transformational leadership
Communicates high expectations, uses symbols to focus efforts, expresses important purposes in simple ways
Describe “idealized influence” in terms of transformational leadership
Provides vision and sense of mission, instills pride, gains respect and trust
How is transformational leadership related to performance?
Positively related to performance
How is contingent reward related to performance?
Positively related to performance (but at a weaker level than transformational leadership)
How is management by exception (active) related to performance?
Negatively related to performance
How is management by exception (passive) related to performance?
Negatively related to performance
How is transformational leadership more effective than transactional?
People are willing to put in extra effort because they are inspired to work towards a common goal that is greater than themselves (inspires intrinsic motivation)
Are transformational and transactional leadership mutually exclusive?
No
Define Leader-Member Exchange (LMX)
A theory that focuses on the quality of relationship between a leader and a follower
What is the main idea of Leader-Member Exchange?
Interdependent transactions of things of value generate high-quality relationships. Repeated exchanges lead to trust, loyalty, and mutual commitments
Describe the in-group
The people who the leader builds close working relationships with; very motivated
Describe the out-group
The people who the leader does not build close working relationships with; these people are not as motivated
Who will bosses gravitate towards when forming relationships?
People who are competent, agreeable, conscientious, and extraverted
Who will followers gravitate towards when forming relationships?
Leaders who are extraverted and agreeable, who engage in contingent reward behaviour, and who engage in transformational leadership
Define servant leadership
Leadership that goes beyond one’s own self-interests and has a genuine concern to serve others and a motivation to lead (serve first, lead second)
What are the key characteristics of servant leaders?
- Empowering and developing followers
- Leader humility
- Leader authenticity
- Interpersonal acceptance
- Providing direction
- Stewardship
Does servant leadership add to transformational leadership?
Slightly (weakly)
