Leadership Flashcards
What is leadership
The interpersonal process of influencing others to work willing towards goals. Power depends on perception of others and it is conferred from below not delegated from above.
Types of Power
1) Reward : Associated with distribution of awards
2) Coercive : Execerising control over employees and giving punishment
3) Legitimate : Power by virue of position
4) Expert Powe : Ability and knowledge sanctions power
5) Referent : Based on qualities of leader
McGeorger Theory X vs Theory Y
In theory X managers assured employees were lazy and disliked work while Theory Y assmued the opposit.
Trait Theory
seeks to identify characteristics of leaders and how they affect their effectiveness. It assumes that leader are born not made. The traits identified range from (Physical, Personality, Intellectual, Social , Work-Related characteristics)
Ralph Stogdill
Challenged early traditional views of trade theorists. He did not belive AGE WEIGTH PHYSIQUE was important for a good leader instead he belived
1) Honestry
2)Intelligence
3) Good sense of humor
4) Initiative
5) Competence
6) Conviction
7) Responsibility
8) Insight
9) Self-Confidence
1) Inspiration
Richard D. Mann
Said these traits separated followers from leaders
1) Intelligence 2) Masculinity 3) Dominance 4) Extra Vision
Haris Eyseneck
Used statistics to figure our which factors were most important and developed the Eyesneck Personality Questionnaire. 1) Inroversion/Extroversion (introversion is directing ones attention to own experience/ extroversion is attention placed on enviroment)
2) Neuroticism/ Stability - tendency for an individual to become upset
3) Psychoticisk - individuals with this trait were often antisocial,hostile,non-emphatic
Five Factor Theory
Introversion/Extroversion, Emotional Stability, Openness, Agreeableness, Consciousness
Advantages of Trait Theory
Used as a benchmark to assess individual’s leadership traits
Theory had been validated by mire than one study
Outlines individual elements of leadership process
Leadership Skills
1) Communication - great leaders must be able to clearly and effectively communicate their message to subordinates. This can lead to good employee relationships
2) Critical Thinking - asl appropriate questions to obtain relevant information and use to draw logical conclusions
3) Problem Solving - speaks to ability to work through problems
4) Planning - outlines plans that subordinates must follow
5) Consideration - leader needs to gain trust and support of subordinates.
Leadership Styles
Autocratic - ruler has absolute power
Democratic / Participative - Members participate in decision making
Lassies-Faire - trust and reliance on employees
Transformational - causes change in individuals and social systems
Factors influencing Choice of Leadership Style
1) Time - length of time available will affect the style
2) Organizational Cluture - The overall culture will determine the style
3) Staff Size (Span of Control) - in large firms democratic or consultative leadership will be difficult because of exposure.
4) Attitudes of Subordinates
5) Skill level of labour force
6) Personality of Leader
7) Nature of Tasks
Leadership Roles
- Guidance - the leader is looked to for guidance by subordinates
- Direction - should be able to provide a sense of direction
- Counselling - Leader had to play role of counselor some even practice an open door policy
- Coaching - training and providing employees with knowledege necessary
- Inspiration of Others
Informal Leadership
“Unsung Heros” are informal leaders in organizations. are informal leaders in organizations. They are able to inspire and motivate hid peers to achieve goals and usually described as chrasmatic and influential.
Roles of Informal Leader
- Motivating and inspiring others
- Being the driver of a business concept to lower level staff
- Bridging communication gap between management and lower level employees
- Offering mentorship and support
