LE Lecture Exam Flashcards
How do the arteries work?
They carry blood away from the chambers of the heart (except lungs)
How do the veins work?
They carry blood towards the chambers of the heart (except lungs)
Artery Design
thicker walls
more elastin
Vein Design
thinner walls
less elastin
more valves
What artery arises from the external iliac a. at the level of inguinal ligament?
Femoral artery
What does the femoral artery supply to?
Anterior compartment of the thigh
Borders of Femoral Triangle
Upper: Inguinal Ligament
Lateral: Medial border of Sartorius
Medial: Medial border of adductor longus
Roof of Femoral Triangle
Fascia Lata
Floor of Femoral Triangle (Medial to Lateral)
Adductor Longus
(Adductor Brevis)
Pectineus
Iliopsoas
Contents of Femoral Triangle (Lateral to Medial)
Femoral Nerve
Femoral Artery
Femoral Vein
Lymphatics
(NAVL)
What are the branches of the femoral artery?
Superficial epigastric a.
Superficial circumflex iliac a.
Superficial external pudendal a.
Deep external pudendal a.
Profunda femoris a.
Another name for the Deep Femoral A.?
Profunda Femoris a
Arteries that create the cruciate anastomosis
Medial femoral circumflex a
lateral femoral circumflex a
1st perforating branch a
Inferior gluteal a.
Upon passing the adductor hiatus, the femoral artery emerges posteriorly as the ?
Popliteal artery
What arteries form the anastomosis around the knee?
Superior medial genicular a.
Inferior medial genicular a.
Middle genicular a
Superior lateral genicular a.
Inferior lateral genicular a.
What does the popliteal a. bifurcate into?
Anterior Tibial a.
Posterior Tibial a.
What artery comes off the posterior tibial a.?
Fibular a.
What’s another name for the fibular artery? (Fibular in general)
Peroneal a.
Posterior Tibial A runs with?
Tibial n.
Anterior Tibial A runs with?
Deep fibular n.
Longest vein in the body?
Great Saphenous v.
Where does the great saphenous v. drain?
Digital
Dorsal Metatarsal
Dorsal Venous Arch
Vein that passes around lateral malleolus?
Small Saphenous V.
What veins accompany arteries of the same name?
Deep veins
What does the deep fascia do?
Limit expansion of muscle
Increase muscle efficiency
Promote return of venous blood
Compartments of innervation
Anterior
Medial
Posterior
Lateral
Another name for Gerdy’s Tubercle?
Proximal, lateral, anterior tibial shaft
Another name for Pes Anserine?
Proximal, medial , anterior tibial shaft
Explain Trendelenburg’s Sign
Pelvic imbalance where a hip drop occurs, and the opposite side of the hip drop is where the problem is occuring
Lateral Rotators of Hip
Piriformis
Quadratus Femoris
Obturator Internus
Obturator Externus
Gemellus Superior
Gemellus Inferior
What muscle of the lateral rotators is not innervated by the sacral plexus? What is is instead innervated by?
Obturator Externus
Obturator Nerve
(1) is innervated 2/3 of the time by this nerve (2) and 1/3 of the time by this nerve (3)
Pectineus
Femoral N
Obturator N
Muscles in the first layer of the foot
Abductor Digiti Minimus
Abductor Hallicus
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Muscles in the second layer of the foot
Lumbricals
Quadratus Plantae
Muscles in the third layer of the foot
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Adductor Hallicus
Flexor Hallicus Brevis
Opponens Digiti Minimi
Hip Flexion Muscles
Iliopsoas
Sartorius
TFL
Rectus Femoris
Gracilis
Glute Med
Glute Min
Pectineus*
Adductor Longus, Brevis, Magnus*
*(weakly/assist)
Hip Extension Muscles
Glute Max
BF LH
Semi M
Semi T
Adductor Magnus
Glute Med
Hip Adduction Muscles
Pectineus
Adductor Longus, Brevis, Magnus
Obturator Externus
Gracilis
Glute Max
Hip Abduction Muscles
Glute Max
Glute Med
Glute Min
TFL
Sartorius
Piriformis (when hip is flexed)
Hip Medial Rotation Muscles
Glute Med
Glute Max
TFL
Adductor Longus, Brevis, Magnus
Pectineus
Gracilis
Semi T*
Semi M*
*(weakly/assist)
Hip Lateral Rotation Muscles
Obturator Externus/Internus
Piriformis
Superior/Inferior Gemelli
Quadratus Femoris
Glute Max, Min, Med
Sartorius
Iliopsoas
Knee Flexion Muscles
ALL hamstrings
Gracilis
Sartorius
Gastrocnemius
Popliteus
Knee Extension Muscles
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Intermedius
Knee Lateral Rotation Muscles
Biceps Femoris
TFL
Knee Medial Rotation Muscles
Semi T
Semi M
Sartorius
Gracilis
Plantar Flexion Muscles
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Tibialis Posterior
Fibularis Longus*
Fibularis Brevis*
Flexor Hallicus Longus*
Flexor Digitorum Longus*
Plantaris*
*(weakly/assist)
Dorsiflexion Muscles
Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallicus Longus
Ankle Inversion Muscles
Tibialis Anterior/Posterior
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallicus Longus
Extensor Hallicus Longus
Ankle Eversion Muscles
Fibularis Longus
Fibularis Brevis
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Fibularis Tertius*
*(weakly/assist)
Functional unit of of nervous system
Neuron
Cluster of cell bodies in PNS are?
Ganglia
Schwann cells are?
myelinated cells in the PNS
Cluster of cell bodies in the CNS are?
Nucleus
Afferent is?
to the CNS
Efferent is?
away from the CNS
What’s a group of neuron fibers in the PNS called?
Nerve
What are myelinated tracts called?
White matter
What are unmyelinated tracts called?
Grey Matter
Most common type of neuron?
multipolar motor neuron
Common of double process extending from body that splits into central process and peripheral process?
Pseudounipolar sensory neuron
Name the two STRUCTURAL divisions of the nervous system
CNS
PNS
Parts of CNS
Brain
Spinal Cord
CN2
Parts of PNS
12 pairs of CN
31 Peripheral nerves
DIVISIONS of PNS
Autonomic Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System
FUNCTIONAL divisions of ANS
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
enteric nervous system
Fight/Flight/Freeze
sympathetic nervous system
rest, digest, repair, arousal
parasympathetic nervous system
sensory (afferent) is
input
motor (efferent) is
output
Teleceptors for vision and hearing
SSA
Exteroceptors for skin, deeper tissues, touch, temp, pain, pressure
GSA
Proprioceptors like spindle fibers and golgi tendon organs. Transmit message of movement
GSA
Interoceptors for smooth muscle contraction, secretory activity of glands
GVA
Chemoreceptors of nasal and tongue mucosa receptors
SVA
Full names for these receptors:
SSA
GSA
SVA
GVA
special somatic afferent
general somatic afferent
special visceral afferent
general visceral afferent
General motor fibers
GSE
special motor fibers
SVE
visceral motor fibers
GVE
These fibers create the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of PNS
GVE
Full names for these receptors:
GSE
GVE
SVE
general somatic efferent
general visceral efferent
special visceral efferent
1) number of cervical vertebrae
2) number of cervical spinal nerves
7
8
Dorsal root is what kind of nerve?
Sensory/Afferent
Ventral root is what kind of nerve?
Motor/Efferent
What’s the cavity lining of abdominal cavity?
Peritoneum
The deep inguinal ring represents a gap in the
transversalis fascia
The superficial inguinal ring represents a gap in the
external oblique m.
This is where the cremaster muscle attaches in males
arcuate line
O/I of Rectus abdominis
O- xiphoid process
I- pubic crest
“White Line”
Linea alba
“Pregnancy Line” or “Black Line”
Linea nigra
Big difference between L/R rectus abdominals
Diastasis Recti
Coverings of spermatic cord
Internal spermatic fascia
cremaster muscle and fascia
external spermatic fascia
most common type of hernia
indirect inguinal hernia
how does the peritoneal leave the sac in indirect inguinal hernia
deep inguinal ring
external oblique fibers run…..
down and in
internal oblique fibers run…..
up and in
