GA Final Exam Prep Flashcards
Which of the following is not true of intervertebral discs?
A. Composed of Fibrocartilage and hylaline cartilage
B. Vascularized
C. Forms strong joints
D. Permits certain movements of the vertebral column
B. Vascularized
The lateral rotators of the hip are strongly innervated by:
A. Sacral Plexus
B. Lumbar Plexus
C. Sciatic Nerve
D. Gluteal Nerves
A. Sacral Plexus
In the fetal skull, which of the following matures as the pterion?
A. Anterolateral Fontanelle
B. Anterior Fontanelle
C. Posterior Fontanelle
D. Posterolateral Fonanelle
A. Anterolateral Fontanelle
Which of the following muscles of the hand are innervated by the ulnar nerve?
A. Flexor Pollicis brevis, superficial head
B. Opponens pollicis
C. Abductor Pollicis Brevis
D. Opponens Digiti Minimi
D. Opponens Digiti Minimi
The dorsalis pedis artery is a branch/continuation of the:
A. Posterior Tibial Artery
B. Anterior Tibial Artery
C. Fibular Artery
D. Deep Fibular Artery
B. Anterior Tibial Artery
The masseter is innervated by the cranial nerve that ALSO does which of the following?
A. Carries sensory information from skin over the mandible
B. Carries taste sensation from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
C. Carries motor innervation to muscles of the tongue
D. Carries motor innervation to muscles that raise the eye brows
A. Carries sensory information from skin over the mandible
The brachial plexus arises between which two muscles?
A. Anterior and middle scalene
B. Anterior and posterior scalene
C. Middle and posterior scalene
D. Anterior and inferior scalene
A. Anterior and middle scalene
Which of the following muscles typically has facial slips that connect to the dura mater?
A. Rectus capitis posterior minor
B. Rectus capitis posterior major
C. Spinalis cervicis
D. Obliquus capitis inferior
A. Rectus capitis posterior minor
Extrapyramindal tracts originate in the ____________.
A. Pyramids
B. Cerebral Cortex
C. Brain stem
D. Spinal Cord
C. Brain stem
Discriminating touch and proprioception are carried via which part of the spinal cord?
A. Dorsal Column
B. White Rami Commuincates
C. Anterolateral quadrant
D. Lisssaurer’s Tract
A. Dorsal Column
Which of the following is NOT carried by the spinothalamic tract?
A. Pain
B. Pressure
C. Temperature
D. Vibration
D. Vibration
Which of the following scenarios of reflexes would only require 2 neurons?
A. Tapping on the patellar ligament with a reflex hammer
B. Stepping on a sharp object
C. Touching a hot object. Like SUPER hot.
A. Tapping on the patellar ligament with a reflex hammer
The withdrawal reflex involves how many neurons?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
C. 3
The bony nasal septum includes all the following bones EXCEPT?
A. Palatine
B. Vomer
C. Ethmoid
D. Nasal
D. Nasal
The mandibular nerve is transmitted though which of the following?
A. Foramen ovale
B. Foramen rotundum
C. Foramen spinosum
D. Supraorbital fissure
A. Foramen ovale
Consider the sympathetic nervous system. Which of the following is FALSE?
A. In general, pre-synaptic fibers secrete acetylcholine
B. Pre-ganglionic cell bodies are found in the lateral grey column
C. Pre-synaptic fibers to the kidney (renal medulla) secrete dopamine
D. Post-synaptic neurons in the superenal medulla secrete norepinephrine
D. Post-synaptic neurons in the superenal medulla secrete norepinephrine
Parasympathetic Innervation of the large intestine is accomplished by which of the following?
A. Greater splanchnic + pelvis splanchnic nerves
B. Vagus nerve + pelvic splanchnic nerves
C. Greater, lesser, and less splanchnic nerves
D. Vagus nerve + greater splanchnic nerve
B. Vagus nerve + pelvis splanchnic nerves
Which of the following cranial nerves does NOT transmit afferent information to the CNS?
A. CN 11
B. CN 1
C. CN 2
D. CN 8
A. CN 11
Innervation of the axiallary sweat gland (eccrine glands) of the upper extremity involve all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Acetylcholine
B. Fibers descending in the sympathetic chain
C. Grey rami communicantes
D. White rami communicantes
B. Fibers descending in the sympathetic chain
The postsynaptic neuron of oculomotor nerve would secrete which neurotransmitter?
A. Acetylcholine
B. Norepinephrine
C. Epinephrine
D. Dopamine
A. Acetylcholine
White rami communicantes are associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Presynaptic sympathetic neurons
B. T1-L2-3
C. Intermediolateral grey column
D. CN 3, 7, 9, 10
D. CN 3, 7, 9, 10
Which of the following would be found in the lateral grey column of the spinal cord?
A. GVA
B. GVE
C. GSA
D. GSE
B. GVE
A patient presents with numbness and tingling on the posterior thigh on the right. While prone, you evaluate the lateral rotation ROM and notice that the right leg has significantly less ROM to internally rotate. You correlate your exam findings with the patient complaint and determine as part of your treatment plan to use trigger point therapy to relax which of the following?
A. Piriformis
B. Pectineus
C. Sartorius
D. Gluteus minimus
A. Piriformis
The arrow indicates cutaneous innervation that arises from branches of which of the following? (Small triangle dermatome between Big toe and 2nd toe)
A. Sciatic nerve
B. Obturator Nerve
C. Femoral Nerve
D. Anterior Tibial Nerve
A. Sciatic Nerve
Which of the following is NOT part of the rotator cuff muscles?
A. Supraspinatus
B. Teres Major
C. Infraspinatus
D. Subscapularis
B. Teres Major
Meissner’s (submucous) plexus carries parasympathetic efferents but not sympathetic efferents. (True/False)
True
One of these things is NOT like the others! Select the option that does not fit.
A. Prevertebral ganglia
B. Paravertebral ganglia
C. Prearotic Ganglia
D. Collateral Ganglia
B. Paravertebral Ganglia
Concerning the lumbar plexus, which of the following is FALSE:
A. Made up of segments T12-L4
B. Forms in the substance of the psoas major
C. Gives rise to Tibial and fibular divisions
D. Innervates muscles of the anterior leg compartment
C. Gives rise to tibial and fibular divisions
Which of the following does NOT insert on the calcaneus?
A. Soleus
B. Plantaris
C. Gastrocnemius
D. Peroneus Brevis
D. Peroneus Brevis
Which muscle does downward rotation of the scapula?
A. Levator Scapula
B. Subscapularis
C. Serratus Anterior
D. Lower Trapezius
A. Levator Scapula
The ansa cervicalis supplies innervation to the:
A. Sternocleidomastoid
B. Sternohyoid
C. Platysma
D. Splenius Capitis
B. Sternohyoid
Originating on the first 8-9 ribs and inserting on the vertebral border of the scapula:
A. Serratus Anterior
B. Pectoralis Minor
C. Latissimus Dorsi
D. Teres Minor
A. Serratus Anterior
The elbow joint:
A. Has the annular ligament that attaches to the radius to the humerus
B. Contains diarthrodial ginglymus and trochoid joints
C. Allows flexion/extension and adduction/abduction
D. Contains the ulna articulating with the capitulum of the Humerus
B. Contains diarthrodial ginglymus and trochoid joints
Injury to the lateral cord of the brachial plexus may affect the ability to:
A. Extend the wrist
B. Extend the arm
C. Flex the elbow
D. Laterally rotate the arm
C. Flex the Elbow
Which of the following is found in the middle cranial fossa?
A. Condylar canal
B. Crista Galli
C. Transverse Sinus
D. Foramen Rotundum
D. Foramen Rotundum
In regards to pes anserine, which of the following is TRUE?
A. Has contributions from the anterior, posterior, and medial compartments of the thigh
B. Is located on the proximal anterolateral shift of the tibia
C. Formed from tendons of sartorius, semimembranosus, and adductor Magnus
D. Is continuous with the patella tendon
A. Has contributions from the anterior, posterior and medial compartments of the thigh
Which of the following does NOT contain paraspinal sinuses?
A. Maxilla
B. Mandible
C. Ethmoid
D. Sphenoid
B. Mandible
The external oblique muscle and/or apneurosis:
A. Contributes to the coverings of the spermatic cord
B. Contains a gap that forms the deep inguinal ring
C. Is innervates by the sacral plexus
D. It’s origin (in part) is from the linea alba
A. Contributes to the coverings of the spermatic cord
Which of the following vessels is most likely to supply the femotibial joint?
A. Superior geniculate
B. Lateral femoral circumflex
C. Perforating Branches
D. Posterior tibial artery
B. Lateral femoral circumflex
General principles about ascending afferents sensory tract to the cerebral cortex include all the following except:
A. Crude awareness at thalamus
B. Principle of convergence
C. Tertiary neuron conducts from thalamus to cerebral cortex
D. A 3-neuron relay
B. Principle of Convergence
Proprioceptors are classified as:
A.GSA
B. GSE
C. GVA
D. GVE
A. GSA
Which of the following muscle tendon bifurcates for the passage of another muscle’s tendon.
A. Extensor digitorum
B. Flexor Digitorum Longus
C. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
D. Flexor Digitorum Profundus
C. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
All are direct branches of the axillary artery EXCEPT:
A. Anterior humeral circumflex
B. Subscapular
C. Costocervical Trunk
D. Thoracromial Trunk
C. Costocervical trunk
The great saphenous vein drains blood from the:
A. Femoral vein
B. Small saphenous vein
C. Foot leg and thigh
D. Hand arm and forearm
C. Foot leg and thigh
A muscle originating form the medial epicondyle of the humerus is the
A. extensor carpi radialis longus
B. supinator
C. Pronator Teres
D. Anconeus
C. Pronator Teres
All are infra hyoid muscles EXCEPT
A. sternothyroid
B. thyrohyoid
C. mylohyoid
D. omohyoid
C. Mylohyoid
The muscle which aids in maintenance of foot arches is
A. tibialis anterior
B. gastrocnemius
C. fibularis brevis
D. fibularis tertius
A. tibialis anterior
The illopsoas muscle
A. passes over the inguinal ligament
B. inserts into the greater trochanter of the femur
C. passes under the medial portion of the inguinal ligament
D. arises only from the iliac fossa
C. passes under the medial portion of the inguinal ligament
All of the following belong to the superficial layer of floor muscles of the forearm except the
A. pronator quadratus
B. pronator teres
C. flexor carpi ulnaris
D. palmaris longus
A. pronator quadratus
The cephalic vein does all of the following except:
A. communicates with the basilica vein
B. separates the deltoid and the pectorals major
C. lies lateral to the basilica vein
D. serves as the most common site for venous blood draws in the upper extremity
D. serves as the most common site for venous blood draws in the upper extremity
The sella tunica lies directly above the
A. frontal sinus
B. foramen ovale
C. coronoid processes
D. sphenoid sinus
D. sphenoid sinus
The foramen cecum
A. transmits the palatine nerve
B. provides passage for a small valveless vein
C. is just posterior and slightly lateral to the foramen rotundum
D. passes through the temporal bone
B. provides passage for a small valveless vein
The femoral artery
A. gives off the lateral femoral circumflex
B. is a branch of the common iliac artery
C. gives off perforating arteries
D. ends at the adductor hiatus
D. ends at the adductor hiatus
The tibial nerve
A. usually begins inferior to the popliteal fossa
B. gives off the common fibular nerve at the mid-calf level
C. innervates the lateral compartment o the leg
D. passes deep to the soleus
D. passes deep to the soleus
The brachial plexus
A. is in direct contact with the posterior and middle scalenes
B. Travels superior to the clavicle
C. travels between the clavicle and the first rib
D. travels between the first rib and second rib
C. travels between the clavicle and the first rib
Long rotators of the vertebral column
A. are innervated by anterior ramus of spinal nerves
B. traverse more than one vetebral segment (more than one segment away)
C. traverse between neighboring vertebral segments (one segment away)
D. inserts into the lesser trochanter of the femur
B. traverse more than one vetebral segment (more than one segment away)
Which of the following statements if FALSE concerning a typical thoracic vertebra
A. costal articular facets on the sides of the vertebral body
B. articular facets on the transverse processes
C. transmits the vertebral artery via the transverse foramen
D. a long, slender, downward -sloping spinous process
C. transmits the vertebral artery via the transverse foramen
The sub occipital muscles are all innervated by
A. greater occipital n.
B. lesser occipital nerve
C. suboccipitial nerve
D. supraoccipital nerve
C. suboccipitial nerve
Discriminating touch and proprioception are carried by the
A. dorsal white column - medial lemniscal tract
B. extrapyramidal system
C. coricospical tract
D. pyramidal tract
A. dorsal white column - medial lemniscal tract
The axillary nerve
A. carries segments C5, C6
B. supplies, in part, the teres major
C. passes through the triangular space
D. is a branch of the lateral cord
A. carries segments C5, C6
The knee-jerk reflex can be classified as a(n)
A. superficial reflex
B. ipsilateral reflex
C. polysynaptic reflex
D. crossed-extensor reflex
B. ipsilateral reflex
Which is NOT an extrinsic muscle of the back?
A. longissimus thoracis
B. levator scapulae
C. rhomboid major
D. trapezius
A. longissimus thoracis
All of the following are true of the rectus capitis posterior minor EXCEPT
A. extension of the head
B. origin on the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of atlas
C. is a sub occipital muscle
D. insertion on medial end of superior nuchal line
D. insertion on medial end of superior nuchal line
The distal end of the radius usually articulates with which of ht following bones?
A. trapezium and trapezoid
B. scaphoid and lunate
C. capitate and hamate
D. trapezoid and scaphoid
B. scaphoid and lunate
Which of the following concerning a syndesmosis is FALSE?
A. considerable space between bones
B. united by interosseous ligament
C. very mobile joint
D. represented by the proximal tibiofibular joint
C. very mobile joint
Shaft of long bones
A. epiphysis
B. metaphysics
C. diaphysis
D. osteophysis
C. diaphysis
Which of the following does not fit with the rest?
A. ophthalmic
B. maxillary
C. mandibular
D. frontal
D. frontal
A hip flexor is
A. vast laterals
B. piriformis
C. gluteus maximus
D. rectus femoris
D. rectus femoris
Runs with the tibial nerve
A. anterior tibial artery
B. posterior tibial artery
C. deep fibular artery
D. superficial fibular artery
B. posterior tibial artery
The nerve passing through the carpal tunnel is the
A. median nerve
B. ulnar nerve
c. radial nerve
D. musculocutaneous nerve
A. median nerve
a patient presents with a history of Bell’s palsy (semi-paralysis [one-sided paralysis]) of the face. As a part of your evaluation, you ask them to smile. Which nerve is responsible for the muscles of fascial expression?
A. the same nerve that transmits taste sensation from the anterior 2/3 of tongue
B. the same nerve that transmits motor efferents to the superior cervical ganglion
C. the same nerve that is transmitted through the cribiform plate
D. the same nerve that transmits sensations from the skin overlaying the maxilla.
A. the same nerve that transmits taste sensation from the anterior 2/3 of tongue
The adductor Magnus is innervated by the
A. femoral obturator nerves
B. obturator and fibular (division) nerves
C. tibial (division) and obturator nerves
D. femoral and tibial (division) nerves
C. tibial (division) and obturator nerves
Potential entrapment sites at the elbow include
A. radial nerve in supinator
B. median nerve in anconeus
C. ulnar nerve in extensor carpi ulnaris
D. median nerve in lateral intermuscular septum
A. radial nerve in supinator
In the upper extremity, the articulation between the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton occur at the
A. glenohumeral joint
B. acromicoclavicular joint
C. sternoclavicular joint
D. coracoacromial joint
C. sternoclavicular joint
upper=crossed syndrome involves hypotonic (weak) muscles including
A. upper trapezius
B. lower trapezius
C. levator scapulae
D. Pectoralis minor
B. lower trapezius
Taste sensation from the posterior 1/2 of the tongue is innervated by which nerve?
A. CN 3
B. CN 5
C. CN 7
D. CN 9
D. CN 9
Disregarding articular surfaces, abduction of the elbow is limited by
A. annular ligament
B. ulnar collateral ligament
C. medial collateral ligament
D. posterior ulnar ligament
B. ulnar collateral ligament
The correct sequence of the brachial plexus is
A. Roots, divisions, trunks cords, branches
B. roots, trunks, divisions, cords, branches
C. roots, cords, trunks divisions, branches
D. divisions, trunks, roots, branches, cords
B. roots, trunks, divisions, cords, branches
Spinal cord segments contributing to the femoral nerve are
A. L1, 2
B. L2, 3, 4
C. L4, 5, S1, 2, 3
D. S2, 3, 4
B. L2, 3, 4
Which of the following is deepest
A. trapezius
B. splenius capitis
C. (semi)spinalis capitis
D. sternocleidomastoid
C. (semi)spinalis capitis
Loss of abduction or inability to keep the pelvis level while walking may result from severance or damage of the
A. sciatic nerve
B. nerve to the quadrants femurs
C. superior gluteal nerve
D. inferior gluteal nerve.
C. superior gluteal nerve
The metacarpophalangeal joint is classified as which type of joint?
A. trochoid
B. Condyloid
C. hinge
D. sellar
B. Condyloid
A patient presents with deltoid weakness. which of the following is NOT a border of the quadrangular space?
A. humerus
B. subscapularis
C. teres minor
D. lateral head of triceps brachii
D. lateral head of triceps brachii
The tibialis anterior and the peroneus longus share a common__________.
A. origin
B. insertion
C. innervation
D. vascularization
B. insertion
Which of the following cranial nerves is ONLY sensory
A. IV
B. VI
C. VII
D. VIII
D. VIII
The lateral border of the femoral triangle is formed by
A. adductor longus (meidal border)
B. adductor longus (lateral border)
C. sartorius (medial border)
D. sartorius (lateral border)
C. sartorius (medial border)
Which of the following is NOT innervated by the same nerves as the others?
A. adductor Magnus, hamstring portion
B. biceps femoris, short head
C. semitendinosis
D. biceps femoris, long head
B. biceps femoris, short head
Which of the following muscles receives innervation from the ulnar nerve?
A. biceps brachii
B. palmaris longus
C. flexor digitorum profundus
D. flexor digitorum superficialis
C. flexor digitorum profundus
Which of the following is one of the proximal row of carpal bones?
A. trapezuim
B. capitate
C. hamate
D. triquetral
D. triquetral
Which one of the following muscles is supplied by the radial nerve?
A. biceps brachii
B. flexor carpi ulnaris
C. coracobrachialis
D. triceps brachii
D. triceps brachii
above the arcuate line, which of the muscles aponeurosis splits to enclose the rectus abdominis?
A. transversus abdominis
B. internal oblique
C. external oblique
D. pyramidalis
B. internal oblique
Descending pyramidal tracts see 85% of the fibers decussate in the pyramids as part of which tract?
A. DCML
B. spinothalamic
C. lateral corticospinal
D. ventral corticospinal
C. lateral corticospinal
In regards to visceral motor fibers, which one of the following is FALSE?
A. classified as GVE
B. innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
C. could be either sympathetic or parasympathetic
D. travels in a 3-neuron chain
D. travels in a 3-neuron chain
In regards to the posterior humeral circumflex artery, which statement is FALSE?
A. it runs dorsally around the surgical neck of the humerus
B. it runs with the radial nerve
C. it passes through the quadrangular space
D. it forms an anastomosis with the anterior humeral circumflex artery.
B. it runs with the radial nerve
Which cranial nerve is NOT transmitted through the superior orbital fissure?
A. V
B. VI
C. IV
D. VII
D. VII
Which statement is NOT true of the ethmoid bone?
A. transmits olfactory nerves
B. forms part of the bony nasal septum
C. contains air cells
D. forms the inferior nasal concha
D. forms the inferior nasal concha
Which bone participates in the formation of the orbit and transmits the first division of the trigeminal nerve?
A. frontal
B. sphenoid
C. maxilla
D. ethmoid
B. sphenoid
The ‘final common pathway’ for innervation to skeletal muscles is at the
A. ventral horn
B. lateral horn
C. dorsal horn
D. descending tract
A. ventral horn
The most superficial meningeal layer is th
A. dura mater
B. arachnoid mater
C. pia mater
D. whatsa mater #AnatomyJokes
A. dura mater
The greater occipital nerve is
A. is primarily C2
B. is sensory info from the face
C. innervates the rectus capitis laterals
D. is the ventral primary Rami of C2
A. primarily C2
(Greater Occipital Nerve is Sensory to the back of the head)
Which of the following cranial nerves DOES NOT transmit afferent information to the CNS?
A. CN I
B. CN II
C. CN XI
D. CN VIII
C. CN XI
(trap/SCM innervated by CN XI)
Which of the following would be found in the lateral grey column of the spinal cord?
A. GVA
B. GVE
C. GSA
D. GSE
GVE
(lateral great column = Lateral horn) Sympathetic = always GVE
The mandibular nerve is transmitted through which of the following?
A. superorbital fissure
B. Foremen Ovale
C. Foramen Rotundum
D. Foramen Spinosum
B. Foramen Ovale
Innvervation of axillary sweat glands (eccrine glands) of the upper extremity involved all of the following except:
A. aetycholine
B. white rami
C. gray rami
D. Decending sympathetic chain fibers
D. Decending sympathetic chain fibers
The postsynaptic neuron of oculomotor nerve would secrete which neurotransmitter?
A. acetylcholine
B. epinephrine
C. Norepinephrine
D. Dopamine
A. Acetylcholine
sympathetic = secretes norepinephrine
Ocular motor nerve = skeletal = GSE
White rami communicants are associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
A. presynaptic sympathetic neurons
B. intermediolateral grey column
C. CN III, VIII, IX, X
D. T1-L2/3
C. CN III, VIII, IX, X
Extrapyramidal trans originate in the?
A. pyramids
B. cerebral cortex
C. brainstem
D. Spinal Cord
C. brainstem
Pyramidal originate in the cerebral cortex
in the upper extremity, the articulation between the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeletonoccurs at the…
A. SC Joint
B. CA Joint
C. AC Joint
D. Glenohumeral Joint
A. SC joint
Discriminating touch and proprioception are carried by
A. corticospinal tract
B. dorsolateral tract of lissaure
C. Spinothalamic Tract
D. Dorsal white column tract
D. Dorsal white column tract
Which of these tracts caries pain, temperature, and light touch?
A. dorsolateral tract of Liassaure
B. Corticospinal tract
C. Spinothalamic
D. Dorsal White Column
E. A & C
F. A, B, & C
E. A & C
dorsolateral tract communicates with the levels above and below it.
