LE 5: Principles Of Antimicrobial Therapy

Question 1

A chemical substance capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of microbes

Answer 1

Antimicrobial

Question 2

A chemical substance produced by various species of organisms that is capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of other microbes or cells

Answer 2

Antibiotic

Question 3

What is the difference between antimicrobials and antibiotics?

Answer 3

Antimicrobials may be synthetic or naturally occuring

Antibiotics are produces by organisms

Question 4

The ability of the drug to injure a target cell/organism without injuring other cells or organisms that are in intimate contact

Answer 4

Selective toxicity

Question 5

What are the four targets of antimicrobials?

Answer 5

Cell wall -> peptidoglycan
Cytoplasmic Membrane
Protein Synthesis
Nucleic Acid Synthesis

Question 6

All beta lactam drugs target ______

Answer 6

Cell wall synthesis

Question 7

Macrolides, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and aminoglycosides are drugs that target _____

Answer 7

Protein synthesis

Question 8

This drug targets the RNA Polymerase

Answer 8

Rifampin

Question 9

This drug is a DNA Gyrase Inhibitor

Answer 9

Quinolones

Question 10

What is the MOA of Trimethoprim?

Answer 10

DHF reductase inhibitor

Question 11

This drug inhibits reverse transcriptase enzyme

Answer 11

Zidovudine

Question 12

These drugs affects cell wall permeability

Answer 12

Amphotericin B & Polymyxin B

Question 13

This is an example of an inhibitor of biosynthetic pathways

Answer 13

Bacitracin

Question 14

We use bactericidal drugs when the ff happens, except:
A. There is impaired host defense
B. High WBC (>500)
C. Cancer patients
D. Csf penetration

Answer 14

B. High WBC (>500)

Question 15

This shows the capacity of an antimicrobial drug to inhibit the growth of bacteria after removal of the drug from the culture

Answer 15

Post-Antibiotic Effect

Question 16

This provides addtl time for the immune system to remove bacteria that might have survived antibiotic tx before they can eventually regrow after removal of the drug

Answer 16

Post-Antibiotic Effect

Question 17

Use of antimicrobial before the pathogen is known

Answer 17

Empiric therapy

Question 18

Lowest concn of antimicrobial that prevents the visible growth of microbes

Answer 18

Minimal Inhibitory concentration

Question 19

Aminoglycosides and polymoxins bind to and are inactivated by _____

Answer 19

Pus

Question 20

Four-fold or greater decrease in the MIC or MBC of the individual antibiotics when they are present together

Answer 20

Synergism

Question 21

When a bactericidal drug is combined with a bacteriostatic drug, what happens?

Answer 21

Antagonism

Question 22

True or false: all antimicrobials are antibiotics but not all antibiotics are microbials

Answer 22

False. Baliktad

Question 23

Which is easier to treat, malignancy or infection?

Answer 23

Infection

Question 24

What drugs are used as tx for toxoplasmosis and p. Jiroveci?

Answer 24

Trimethoprim + sulfonamides

Question 25

What is an antifungal and also a tx for leishmaniasis?

Answer 25

Amphotericin B

Question 26

Static or Cidal: protein synthesis inhibitors

Answer 26

Static

Question 27

Static or cidal: cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Answer 27

Cidal

Question 28

Use of chemical agents against invading living organisms/cells

Answer 28

Chemotherapy