Asthma

Question 1

Short term relievers are used for?

Answer 1

Acute asthma attacks (for immediate bronchodilation)

Question 2

Long term controllers are used for?

Answer 2

Maintenance - to reduce symptoms and prevention of attacks

Question 3

What are the three pathologic changes in asthma?

Answer 3

edema
mucous plug formation
Bronchoconstriction

Question 4

What drugs are to be given as treatment for a pregnant tb patient?

Answer 4

2HRZE / 4HR

Pyridoxine 25mg/day

Question 5

In a pregnant patient with TB, what drug/s is/are contraindicated?

Answer 5

Streptomycin

Question 6

What are the chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways?

Answer 6

Mast cells
Eosinophils
T Cells

Question 7

During which period does cough occur in asthma?

Answer 7

Late night and early morning due to physiologic bronchoconstriction

Question 8

This phase of asthma occurs within 10-20mins prior to allergen exposure

Answer 8

Early phase response

Question 9

ICS is what type of asthma treatment?

Answer 9

Long term controllers

Question 10

What are the class of drugs of choice under short term relievers?

Answer 10

B-adrenergic agonist

Question 11

Give 3 drug classifications that are mainly bronchodilators

Answer 11

B-adrenergic agonist
Methylxanthines
Muscarinic Antagonist

Question 12

In severe asthma, this humanized monoclonal antibody drug is given to eliminate the IgE responsible for allergic sensitization. What is this drug?

Answer 12

Omalizumab

Question 13

These drugs block LT D4 receptor therefore classified under long term controllers

Answer 13

Montelukast, zafirlukast

Question 14

Theophylline, theobromine, and caffeine are respectively found in what common drinks?

Answer 14

Tea, cocoa, coffee

Question 15

This is a short acting, bronchodilator, muscarinic antagonist.

Answer 15

Ipatropium bromide

Question 16

What is the most common trigger for an asthma attack?

Answer 16

URTI

Question 17

What are the routes of drug delivery in asthma?

Answer 17

Inhaled
Oral
Parenteral

Question 18

For the inhaled medications, how small must be the particle in order to successfully penetrate up to the smallest unit of the lungs?

Answer 18

2-5mm/ad

Question 19

Beta adrenergic antagonists are classified into two types. What are these and whoch of these two is used in conjuction with ICS?

Answer 19

SABA and LABA.

LABA used in conj with ICS

Question 20

This is a physiologic non-selective agonist which usually causes tachycardia and arrythmia

Answer 20

Epinephrine

Question 21

Give examples of B2 selective drugs

Answer 21

Albuterol/Salbutamol
Terbatuline
Metaproterenol
Pirbuterol

Question 22

This drug binds to M1, selectively to M2, and M3 receptors and are long acting

Answer 22

Tiotropium

Question 23

What is an ultra long acting B-agonist?

Answer 23

Indacaterol

Question 24

This ICS-LABA combination alter gene expression and reduces mediators of inflammation.

Answer 24

Fluticasone and Salmoterol (Advair)

Question 25

``` The following are side effects of what class of drugs? Muscle tremor Tachycardia Hypokalemia V/Q mismatch Metabolic effects ```

Answer 25

B2 adrenergic agonists

Question 26

What is the MOA of methylxanthines?

Answer 26

Inhibit PDE4 causing reduction of inflammatory cells such as cytokines and chemokines

Question 27

MOA of antimuscarinics

Answer 27

Inhibit ACh

Question 28

TRUE or FALSE: Sytemic steroids are to be used in chronic asthma otherwise, use ICS.

Answer 28

TRUE

Question 29

What are the side effects of inhaled corricosteroids?

Answer 29

Dysphonia Oropharyngeal Candidiasis Cough

Question 30

Steroids are to be used with caution and must not be stopped abruptly so that the condition called _______ won't manifest

Answer 30

Cushingoid Syndrome

Question 31

Give three characteristics of cushingoid syndrome

Answer 31

Moon facies Truncal obesity Buffalo hump