Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ChE 101 > LE 2 - Transport Processes and Unit Operations > Flashcards

LE 2 - Transport Processes and Unit Operations Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

is states that the mass entering is equal to the mass leaving plus the mass left in the process

A

law of conservation of mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

This is a special case of heat transfer, which deals with the evaporation of a volatile solvent such as water from a nonvolatile solute such as salt or any other material in solution.

A

Evaporation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

These ____________________ are common to all types of diverse process industries.

A

Unit Operations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In process engineering, which often takes place at constant pressure, electrical energy, kinetic energy, potential energy, and work either are not present or can be neglected. Then only the enthalpy of the materials (at constant pressure), the standard chemical reaction energy, and the heat added or removed must be taken into account in the energy balance. This is generally called a?

A

heat balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The __________________ of a substance is defined as the amount of heat necessary to increase the temperature by 1 degree.

A

heat capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

To solve a material-balance problem it is advisable to proceed by a series of definite steps, as listed below.

A
  1. Sketch a simple diagram of the process
  2. Write the chemical equations involved (if any)
  3. Select a basis for calculation
  4. Make a material balance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When chemical reactions occur in the balances (as discussed in Section 1.5D), one should use

A

kg mol units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

At present, the ______________ has been adopted officially for use exclusively in engineering and science

A

SI system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

are almost always represented in terms of mole fractions and not weight fractions

A

gas mixtures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the three main systems of basic units employed at present in engineering and science?

A
  1. SI (Système International d’Unités) system
  2. English System
  3. CGS System
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Methods of Expressing Temperatures and Compositions

A
  1. Temperature
  2. Gas-Law Constant
  3. Ideal Gas Mixtures
  4. Vapor Pressure and Boiling Point of Liquids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

basic unit of heat

A

joule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The standard preferred unit of time is the

A

second (s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

For engineering purposes, ________________________ is sufficiently accurate to use for actual mixtures at total pressures of a few atmospheres or less.

A

Dalton’s law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

energy can appear in many form, and some of the common forms are?

A
  • enthalpy
  • electrical energy
  • chemical energy
  • kinetic energy
  • potential energy
  • work
  • heat inflow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

in making material balances, we used the?

A

law of conservation of mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Unit operations where momentum transfer occurs?

A
  • fluid flow
  • sedimentation
  • mixing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In this process a component of a gas or a liquid stream is removed and adsorbed by a solid adsorbent.

A

Adsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

is defined as the amount of heat needed to raise 1.0 lb water at 1 degrees Fahrenheit

A

btu (British thermal unit)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The vapor pressure of a liquid increases markedly with?

A

temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

This law, stated simply, says that mass cannot be created or destroyed (excluding, of course, nuclear or atomic reactions). Hence, the total mass (or weight) of all materials entering any process must equal the total mass of all materials leaving plus the mass of any materials accumulating or left in the process.

A

Law of Conservation of Mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

it represent the sum of the internal energy plus the pressure-volume term

A

enthalpy (H)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The unit operation ________________ is used to purify or separate alcohol in the beverage industry and hydrocarbons in the petroleum industry.

A

distillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

This concerns the principles that determine the flow or transportation of any fluid from one point to another.

A

Fluid Flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

includes distillation, absorption, liquid-liquid extraction, membrane separation, adsorption, and leaching

A

Mass Transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The value of the vapor pressure is _________________________ of the amount of liquid in the container as long as some is present.

A

independent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

basic quantity used in the SI system in the unit of an element is the

A

kilogram mole (kg mol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

This is concerned with the transfer of momentum in moving media, such as in the unit operations of fluid flow, sedimentation, and mixing.

A

Momentum Transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Temperatures are defined in

A

kelvin (K)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

few of the standard prefixes for multiples of the basic unit are as follows:

A
  1. giga (G)
  2. mega (M)
  3. kilo (K)
  4. centi (c)
  5. milli (m)
  6. micro (µ)
  7. nano (n)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

We can take these seemingly different chemical, physical, or biological processes and break them down into a series of separate and distinct steps called

A

Unit Operations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

One of the basic laws of physical science is the

A

law of conservation of mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Unit operations where mas transfer occurs?

A
  • distillation
  • absorption
  • liquid-liquid extraction
  • membrane separation
  • adsorption
  • leaching
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

This concerns the removal of a solute such as a salt from a solution by precipitating the solute from the solution.

A

Crystallization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

basic quantity used in the SI system in the unit of time is the

A

second (s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the individual partial pressures

A

Dalton’s law for mixtures of ideal gasses

37
Q

Hence, the following classification of a more fundamental nature is often made into

A

transfer or transport processes

38
Q

In this operation volatile liquids, usually water, are removed from solid materials.

A

Drying

39
Q

is defined as the amount of heat needed to heat 1.0 g water 1.0 degrees celsius

A

g calorie (cal)

40
Q

These involve separation of solids, liquids, or gasses by mechanical means, such as filtration, settling, and size reduction, which are often classified as separate unit operations.

A

Mechanical-physical separations

41
Q

Whenever a substance undergoes a change of phase, relatively large amounts of heat changes are involved at a constant temperature. This enthalpy change is called the?

A

latent heat of fusion

42
Q

The __________________ is equal to the mole fraction

A

volume fraction

43
Q

This unit operation deals with the principles that govern accumulation and transfer of heat and energy from one place to another.

A

Heat Transfer

44
Q

basic quantity used in the SI system in the unit of length is the

A

meter (m)

45
Q

The __________________ deal mainly with the transfer and change of energy and the transfer and change of materials primarily by physical means but also by physical-chemical means.

A

unit operations

46
Q

Such an equation can be used with any system of units provided that the same base or derived units are used throughout the equation. No conversion factors are needed when consistent units are used.

A

dimensionally homogeneous equation

47
Q

In this case, a solute in a liquid solution is removed by contacting with another liquid solvent which is relatively immiscible with the solution.

A

Liquid-liquid extraction

48
Q

it says that all energy entering a process is equal to that leaving plus that left in the process

A

law of conservation of energy

49
Q

3 Fundamental Transport Processes

A
  1. Momentum Transfer
  2. Heat Transfer
  3. Mass Transfer
50
Q

Three basic units in SI system

A
  1. meter (m)
  2. kilogram (kg)
  3. second (s)
51
Q

A ________________________________ is one in which all the terms have the same units

A

dimensionally homogeneous equation

52
Q

The unit operations deal mainly with the transfer and change of energy and the transfer and change of materials primarily by physical means but also by ___________________ means.

A

physical-chemical

53
Q

The boiling point of a liquid is defined as the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the _______________

A

total pressure

54
Q

the basic mechanism is the same whether the phases are gas, solid, or liquid

A

Mass Transfer

55
Q

when heat is given off, the reaction is

A

exothermic

56
Q

When a liquid phase vaporizes to a vapor phase under its vapor pressure at constant temperature, an amount of heat called __________________________ must be added

A

latent heat of vaporization

57
Q

This process involves the separation of a solute from a fluid by diffusion of this solute from a liquid or gas through a semipermeable membrane barrier to another fluid.

A

Membrane separation

58
Q

When a liquid is placed in a sealed container, molecules of liquid will evaporate into the space above the liquid and fill it completely. After a time, equilibrium is reached. This vapor will exert a pressure just like a gas and we call this pressure the ___________________________.

A

vapor pressure of the liquid

59
Q

The most generally used numerical method is the parabolic rule often called

A

Simpson’s rule

60
Q

This method is well suited for digital computation

A

Simpson’s rule

61
Q

basic unit of force

A

newton

62
Q

it occurs in the unit operations heat transfer, drying, evaporation, distillation, and others

A

Heat Transfer

63
Q

other term for the heat capacities of gases

A

specific heat

64
Q

occurs in moving media, such as in the unit operations of fluid flow, sedimentation, and mixing

A

Momentum Transfer

65
Q

when heat is absorbed, the reaction is

A

endothermic

66
Q

Three basic units in English (FPS) System

A
  1. foot (ft)
  2. pound (lb)
  3. second (s)
67
Q

Unit operations where heat transfer occurs?

A
  • heat transfer
  • drying
  • evaporation
  • distillation
68
Q

basic quantity used in the SI system in the unit of temperature is the

A

kelvin (K)

69
Q

This involves treating a finely divided solid with a liquid that dissolves out and removes a solute contained in the solid.

A

Liquid-solid leaching

70
Q

The unit operation __________________ occurs in the absorption of oxygen from the air in a fermentation process or in a sewage treatment plant and in the absorption of hydrogen gas in a process for liquid hydrogenation of oil.

A

absorption

71
Q

The mechanism of ______________or _________________ occurs in drying, membrane separation, absorption, distillation, and crystallization.

A

diffusion, mass transfer

72
Q

basic unit of work

A

joule

73
Q

___________________________ is the amount of this limiting reactant actually converted, divided by the amount originally present, times 100.

A

Percent completion of a reaction

74
Q

The value of the_____________________ is independent of the amount of liquid in the container as long as some is present.

A

vapor pressure

75
Q

Here mass is being transferred from one phase to another distinct phase; the basic mechanism is the same whether the phases are gas, solid, or liquid. This includes distillation, absorption, liquid-liquid extraction, membrane separation, adsorption, and leaching.

A

Mass Transfer

76
Q

This area where energy change occur is often called

A

thermochemistry

77
Q

unit of pressure is the

A

pascal (Pa)

78
Q

12 Classifications of Unit Operations

A
  1. Fluid Flow
  2. Heat Transfer
  3. Evaporation
  4. Drying
  5. Distillation
  6. Absorption
  7. Membrane separation
  8. Liquid-liquid extraction
  9. Adsorption
  10. Liquid-solid leaching
  11. Crystallization
  12. Mechanical-physical separations
79
Q

Often the mathematical function f(x) to be integrated is too complex and we are not able to integrate it analytically. In some cases, the function is one that has been obtained from experimental data, and no mathematical equation is available to represent the data so that they can be integrated analytically. In these cases, we can use _____________________

A

graphical integration

80
Q

In this process a component is removed from a gas stream by treatment with a liquid.

A

Adsorption

81
Q

Power is measured in

A

joule/s or watts

82
Q

occurs in drying, distillatics, evaporation, and so on

A

Heat Transfer

83
Q

Typical processes that do not undergo chemical reactions are

A
  • drying
  • evaporation
  • dilution of solutions
  • distillation
  • extraction
84
Q

Three basic units in CGS System

A
  1. centimeter (cm)
  2. gram (g)
  3. second (s)
85
Q

basic quantity used in the SI system in the unit of mass is the

A

kilogram (kg)

86
Q

This is an operation whereby components of a liquid mixture are separated by boiling because of their differences in vapor pressure.

A

Distillation

87
Q

is not a standard SI unit but is being used during the transition period

A

pressure in atmosphere (atm)

88
Q

In this fundamental process, we are concerned with the transfer of heat from one place to another; it occurs in the unit operations heat transfer, drying, evaporation, distillation, and others.

A

Heat Transfer

ChE 101 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions