(LE 2) Enzymes and Energy Flashcards

1
Q

What is enzyme activity? What is it influenced by?

A

Rate at which substrate is converted into product

  • temperature
  • pH
  • substrate and enzyme concentration
  • cofactor and coenzyme concentration
  • stimulatory or inhibitory effects of products on enzyme function
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2
Q

How is enzyme activity used clinically?

A

amount of enzyme in a sample can be based on the rate of product synthesis. Abnormally high plasma concentrations of certain enzymes are indicative of disease

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3
Q

What is the function of a cofactor and coenzyme?

A

Cofactors: typically metal ions. used to help change shape of enzyme

coenzymes: derived from vitamins; transport small molecules needed by enzymes

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4
Q

Are enzymes always active? If not, how are enzymes activated and deactivated?

A

No
activated by phosphorylation and inactivated by dephosphorylation

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5
Q

What determines the direction in which the reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme?

A

Law of mass action: reactiion happens high side to low side

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6
Q

What are the first and second laws of thermodynamics?

A
  1. energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed
  2. energy is lost with each transformation through heat
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