(LE 1) Study of Body Function Flashcards
Define anatomy
deals with the structure (morphology) of the body and its parts
Define physiology
Studies the functions of body structures and how they work together
Define pathophysiology
how physiological processes are altered in disease or injury
Define comparative physiology
comparison of human physiology to non-human, invertebrate physiology
Define homeostasis
Processes (mechanism) used to maintain fairly stable (dynamic equilibrium) internal conditions
What are some examples the body maintains homeostasis for?
Body temperature, BP, HR, BGC, blood ion concentrations
What is a set point?
the target value for each condition maintained by homeostasis. e.g. 37° C (98.6° F) for body temp
What three components are responsible for regulating homeostasis?
Sensor, integrating center, effector
What are sensors?
Receptors that receive information on the environment of a cell
What is the integrating center
Takes info from the sensor and compares it to set point to activate appropriate effectors to bring back deviations to set points. (endocrine or nervous)
What is the effector?
The organ/system activated by the integrating center to directly change deviations in the environment to set point
What is autoregulation?
Intrinsic regulation. When a cell-organ system adjusts automatically in response to environmental changes
What is extrinsic regulation?
Adjustments made by either the nervous or endocrine system
What does a deviation from homeostasis indicate?
Illness
Deviation = stimulus
What is a negative feedback loop?
Action of the effector returns condition to set-point (stabilizing)
What is an example of antagonistic effect in homeostasis?
