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Clin Chem 2 (Laboratory) > LD, CK, ACP > Flashcards

LD, CK, ACP Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two enzymatic activity measurements?

A
  • endpoint
  • kinetic
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2
Q

This type of reaction combines reactants, stops the reaction at a fixed time, and then measures the product formed

A

Endpoint

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3
Q

Endpoint reaction combines reactants, stops the reaction at what fixed time?

A

20 mins

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4
Q

Activity of the enzyme is based on the final absorbance reading

A

Endpoint

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5
Q

this type of reaction measure the total amount of substrate/products

A

endpoint

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6
Q

In this type of reaction, the total amount of analytes is consumed

A

Endpoint

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7
Q

Endpoint is a type of reaction that combines WHAT, stops WHAT at a WHAT, and then WHAT?

A

Type of reaction that combines REACTANTS, stops REACTION at a FIXED TIME, and then MEASURES THE PRODUCT FORMED

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8
Q

In the endpoint reaction, the activity of the enzyme is based on what?

A

based on the final absorbance reading

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9
Q

What is measured in the endpoint method?

A

measure the total amount of substrate/product

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10
Q

What is consumed in the endpoint method?

A

total amount of analytes consumed

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11
Q

This type of reaction combines reactants, then measures the change in absorbance at specific time intervals over a specific time period

A

Kinetic method

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12
Q

The kinetic method is measured at what specific time intervals like?

A

60 seconds

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13
Q

In this method, the activity of the enzyme is based on the change in absorbance over time

A

kinetic method

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14
Q

In this method, multiple measurements are taken over the course of the reaction

A

Kinetic method

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15
Q

The kinetic method is a type of reactions that combines WHAT, then WHAT at WHAT over WHAT?

A

A type of reaction that combines REACTANTS, then MEASURES THE CHANGE IN ABSORBANCE at SPECIFIC TIME INTERVALS over a SPECIFIC TIME PERIOD

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16
Q

In the kinetic method, the activity of the enzyme is based on what?

A

based on the change in absorbance over time

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17
Q

In the kinetic method, what is being measured?

A

multiple measurements are taken over the course of the reaction

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18
Q

What is the tissue location of LD?

HE SKL

A
  • Heart
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Kidney
  • Liver
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19
Q

LD at highest concentrations is located where?

HE SKL

A
  • Heart
  • Erythrocytes
  • Skeletal muscle
  • Kidney
  • Liver
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20
Q

These consist of four subunits derived from two types of polypeptides designated M and H

A

LD isoenzymes

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21
Q

LD isoenzymes consists of how many subunits?

A

4 subunits

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22
Q

These 4 subunits are called what?

A

polypeptide chains

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23
Q

LD isoenzymes are derived from what?

A

derived from two types of polypeptides designated M and H

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24
Q

The two polypeptides in LD isoenzymes designated M and H means what?

A
  • muscle = msucle/liver
  • H = heart
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25
Q

acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and erythrocyte destruction

A

LD-1 and LD-2

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26
Q

LD-1 and LD-2

A

acute myocardial infarction and erythrocyte destruction

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27
Q

Is associated with pulmonary disorders, pancreatitis, and lymphocytosis

A

LD-3

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28
Q

LD-3 is associated with what?

A
  • pulmonary disorders
  • pancreatitis
  • lymphocytosis
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29
Q

LD-4 and LD-5 are associated with what?

A
  • liver and skeletal muscle disorders
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30
Q

These are associated with liver and skeletal muscle disorders

A

LD-4 and LD-5

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31
Q

In AMI, the rise of LD is within how many hours?

A

8-12 hours

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32
Q

In AMI, LD peaks within how many hours?

A

24-48 hours

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33
Q

In AMI, LD levels return to normal in how many days?

A

7-10 days

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34
Q

LD and LD isoenzymes are used to diagnose AMI

true or false

A

false

not diagnosed

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34
Q

LD and LD isoenzymes are used to diagnose AMI

true or false

A

false

not used to diagnose

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35
Q

They rise within 8-12 hours

A

LD levels in AMI

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36
Q

They peak at 24-48 hours

A

LD levels in AMI

37
Q

They return in 7-10 days

A

LD levels in AMI

38
Q

Knowledge of the pattern of LD and LD isoenzymes may be used for what?

A

used when assessing concurrent liver damage

39
Q

This may be useful when assessing concurrent liver damage

A

the knowledge of the pattern of LD and LD isoenzymes

40
Q

What is the test methodology for LD?

A

Lactate + NAD —> (acted upon by LD) pyruvate + NADH + H

41
Q

What is the pH of LD?

A

pH 8.3 - 8.9

42
Q

What is the tissue location of CK and CK isoenzymes?

BRAIN HEART SKELETAL

A
  • Brain tissue
  • Heart muscle
  • Skeletal muscle
43
Q

CK isoenzymes consist of how many subunits?

A

2 subunits

44
Q

These consists of 2 subunits

A

CK and CK isoenzymes

45
Q

What are the 2 subunits of CK isoenzymes?

A
  • M - muscle
  • B - brain
46
Q

This is a dimer with three possible types: CK-MM, CK-MB, and CK-BB

A

CK isoenzymes

47
Q

Each CK isoenzyme is a dimer with how many possible types?

48
Q

What are the 3 possible types of each CK isoenzyme?

A
  • CK-MM
  • CK-MB
  • CK-BB
49
Q

CK-MM is also called …

50
Q

CK-MB is also called …

51
Q

CK-BB is called …

52
Q

Healthy individuals:

This CK is the major isoenzyme

53
Q

This CK is not normally detected

54
Q

CK-MB is not normally detectable

true or false

A

FALSE

CK-BB

55
Q

CK-MB is not normally detectable

true or false

A

FALSE

CK-BB

56
Q

This CK is in small amount

57
Q

CK-MB in small amount is how many percent of the total CK?

A

less than 6% of total CK

58
Q

Healthy individuals:

CK-MM is associated with what?

A

skeletal muscle and heart muscle disorders

59
Q

Skeletal muscle and heart muscle disorders are associated with what?

60
Q

It is less than 6% of the total CK?

61
Q

Increases in this CK are associated with heart muscle damage

62
Q

CK-MB is associated with what?

A

increase with heart muscle damage

63
Q

Elevations in CK-MB are indicative of what?

A

Indicative of AMI with troponin test

64
Q

This is indicative of AMI with troponin test

A

CK-MB elevations

65
Q

It is elevated in central nervous system disorders and tumors of various organs, including prostate glans

66
Q

CKK-BB is elevated in what?

A

elevated in CNS and tumors of various organs, including prostate gland

67
Q

In AMI, CK-BB levels rise within 4-6 hours, peak at 12-24 hours, and return to normal within 2-3 days

true or false

A

false

CK-MB

67
Q

In AMI, CK-BB levels rise within 4-6 hours, peak at 12-24 hours, and return to normal within 2-3 days

true or false

A

false

CK-MB

68
Q

In AMI, CK-MB levels rise within how many hours?

69
Q

In AMI, CK-MB levels peak at how many hours?

A

12-24 hours

70
Q

In AMI, CK-MB levels return to normal within how many hours?

71
Q

What is the test methodology for CK?

A
  1. Creatine phosphate +ADP –> creatine +ATP
  2. ATP + glucose —-> ADP + glucose-6-phosphate
  3. Glucose-6-phosphate + NADP —> 6-phosphogluconate +NADPH + H
72
Q

What is the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction in LD?

A

Lactate dehdyrogenase

73
Q

What enzyme catalyzes the first reaction in CK test methodology?

A

creatine kinase / Mg2+

74
Q

What enzyme catalyzes the second reaction of the CK teste methodology?

A

hexokinase

75
Q

What is the enzyme that catalyzes the third reaction in the CK test methodology?

A

G6PD

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

76
Q

What is the enzyme that catalyzes the third reaction in the CK test methodology?

A

G6PD

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

77
Q

CK levels is at highest concentrations in what?

BSH

A
  • Skeletal muscle
  • Heart muscle
  • Brain tissue
78
Q

ACP at highest concentrations located where?

SLEPP

A
  • Spleen
  • Liver
  • Erythrocytes
  • Prostate glands
  • Platelets
79
Q

ACP is increased in what?

BBB PPP GI

A
  • Benign prostatic hypertrophy
  • Bone disease
  • Breat cancer with bone metastases
  • Prostate cancer
  • Platelet damage
  • Paget disease
  • Gaucher disease
  • Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
80
Q

ACP is useful in what?

A

useful in forensic cases

81
Q

ACP is useful in forensic cases involving what?

A

involving rape

82
Q

ACP is useful in forensic cases involving rape because?

A

because vaginal washings containing seminal fluid would exhibit ACP activity

83
Q

This would exhibit ACP activity

A

vaginal washings containing seminal fluid

84
Q

What is the test methodology for ACP?

A

p-Nitrophenylphosphate —> p-nitrophenol + NaOH —-> quinoid form

85
Q

What enzyme catalyzes the first part in the ACP methodology?

A

Acid phosphatase

86
Q

Acid phosphatase has a pH of what?

87
Q

what is the pH that acts on the NaOH to produce quinoid form?

88
Q

This has a wavelength of 410 nm

A

quinoid form

89
Q

Quinoid form has a wavelength of what?

90
Q

What is the formula for Prostatic ACP?

A

Total ACP - ACP after tartrate inhibition

Clin Chem 2 (Laboratory) (5 decks)

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