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Clin Chem 2 (Laboratory) > ELECTROLYTES > Flashcards

ELECTROLYTES Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the electrolytes that have a high concentration in RBCs?

A
  • Potassium
  • Phosphorus
  • Magnesium
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2
Q

What are the electrolytes that have a high concentration in the plasma?

A
  • Sodium
  • Chloride
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3
Q

Sodium and chloride have a high concentration in what?

A

high concentration in the plasma

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4
Q

Potassium, phosphorus, and Magnesium have a high concentration in what?

A

high concentration in RBCs

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5
Q

These are ions that carry a negative charge

A

Anions

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6
Q

Anions carry what charge?

A

negative charge

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7
Q

These ions move toward the anode

A

Anions

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8
Q

Anions move toward what field?

A

the anode

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9
Q

The anode is a field with what charge?

A

positively charged field

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10
Q

This is a positively charged field

A

anode

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11
Q

Anions move toward the positively charged field

true or false

A

true

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12
Q

What are examples of anions?

A
  • Choride
  • Bicarbonate
  • Phosphate
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13
Q

These are ions that carry a positive charge

A

cations

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14
Q

cations move toward what field?

A

cathode

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15
Q

This is a negatively charged field

A

cathode

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16
Q

a cathode has a field of what charge?

A

a negatively charged field

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17
Q

cations carry what charge?

A

cations carry a positive charge

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18
Q

What are examples of cations?

A
  • Sodium
  • Potassium
  • Magnesium
  • Calcium
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19
Q

Chloride is an anion

true or false

A

TRUE

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20
Q

Sodium is an anion

true or false

A

FALSE

Cation

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21
Q

Sodium is an anion

true or false

A

FALSE

Cation

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22
Q

Bicarbonate is an anion

true or false

A

True

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23
Q

Potassium is an anion

true or false

A

false

cation

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24
Q

Phosphate is an anion

true or false

A

true

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25
Q

Phosphate is not an anion

true or false

A

false

anion

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26
Q

Magnesium is an anion

true or false

A

false

cation

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27
Q

Magnesium is an anion

true or false

A

false

cation

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28
Q

Calcium is an anion

true or false

A

False

cation

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28
Q

Calcium is an anion

true or false

A

False

cation

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29
Q

chloride

Anion or cation

A

Anion

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30
Q

Bicarbonate

Anion or cation

A

Anion

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31
Q

Phosphate

Anion or cation

A

Anion

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32
Q

Sodium

Anion or cation

A

Cation

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33
Q

Potassium

Anion or cation

A

Cation

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34
Q

Magnesium

Anion or cation

A

Cation

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35
Q

Calcium

Anion or cation

A

Cation

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36
Q

What are 7 functions of electrolytes?
“Important For the Regulation , For the Production, and Maintenance of Volume For Neuromuscular Excitability and Myocardial Rhythm”

A
  1. Important cofactors in enzyme activation
  2. For the regulation of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) ion pumps
  3. For the production and use of ATP from glucose
  4. Maintenance of acid-base balance
  5. Volume and osmotic regulation
  6. For Neuromuscular Excitability
  7. Myocardial rhythm and contractility
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37
Q

What are the electrolytes for the volume and osmotic regulation?

A

Na, Cl, K

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38
Q

What are the electrolytes for Myocardial rhythm and contractility?

A

Mg, K, Ca

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39
Q

What are the electrolytes for important cofactors in enzyme activation?

A

Mg, Ca, Zn

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40
Q

What are the electrolytes for the regulation of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) ion pump?

A

Mg

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41
Q

What are the electrolytes for the neuromuscular excitability?

Same as Myocardiam Rhthym and contactility

A

Mg, K, Ca

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42
Q

What are the electrolytes for the production and use of ATP from glucose?

plus ATPase ion pump

A

Mg and PO4

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43
Q

What are the electrolytes for maintenance of acid-**base **balance?

A

HCO3, K, Cl

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44
Q

It is the major extracellular anion

A

Chloride

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45
Q

Chloride promotes the maintenance of what?

A

promotes maintenance of water balance and osmotic pressure

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46
Q

Chloride promotes maintenance of water balance and osmotic pressure in conjunction with what?

A

in conjunction with sodium

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47
Q

It promotes maintenance of water balance and osmotic pressure in conjunction with sodium

A

Chloride

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48
Q

Chloride is the major extracellular anion-chief counter ion of WHAT in WHERE?

A

the major extracellular anion-chief counter ion of sodium in ECF

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49
Q

It is the only anion to serve as an enzyme activator

A

Chloride

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50
Q

Chloride is the only anion to serve as a/an what?

A

to serve as an enzyme activator

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51
Q

This electrolyte has a reference value of 98-107 mmol/L

A

Chloride

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52
Q

What is the reference value of chloride?

A

98-107 mmol/L

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53
Q

What is the normal range for chloride in the urine?

A

110-250 mmol/ day, varies with diet

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54
Q

this electrolyte varies with diet in the urine

A

chloride

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55
Q

Marked hemolysis may cause decreased levels of chloride due to what?

A

due to dilutional effect

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56
Q

In chloride specimen consideration, slightly lower values are observed in what kind of specimen?

A

post prandial specimen

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57
Q

In chloride specimen consideration, low serum values are observed in conditions with what?

A

high HCO3 levels

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58
Q

In chloride specimen consideration, this may cause decreased levels of chloride due to dilutional effect

A

Marked hemolysis

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59
Q

In chloride specimen consideration, marked hemolysis may cause what to the levels of chloride due to dilutional effect?

A

decreased levels

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60
Q

In chloride specimen consideration, what is observed in post prandial specimens?

A

Slightly lower values

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61
Q

In chloride specimen considerations, these are observed in conditions with high HCO3 levels

A

Low serum values

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62
Q

Lower values are observed in post prandial specimens in chloride specimen considerations

true or false

A

slightly low values

false

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63
Q

High serum levels are observed in conditions with high HCO3 levels in chloride specimen considerations

true or false

A

Low serum levels

false

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64
Q

High serum levels are observed in conditions with high HCO3 levels in chloride specimen considerations

true or false

A

Low serum levels

false

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65
Q

Marked hemolysis may cause increased levels of chloride due to dilutional effect

true or false

A

decreased levels of chloride

false

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66
Q

Marked hemolysis may cause increased levels of chloride due to dilutional effect

true or false

A

decreased levels of chloride

false

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67
Q

What is the anticoagulant of choice for chloride?

A

lithium heparin

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68
Q

Lithium heparin is the anticoagulant of choice for what electrolyte?

A

chloride

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69
Q

In chloride, marked hemolysis may cause levels to be decreased as a result of what?

A

as a result of dilutional effect

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70
Q

In the urine specimen for chloride, this is needed because of the large diurnal variation

A

24-hour collection

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71
Q

In the urine specimen for chloride, why is a 24-hour collection needed?

A

needed because of the large
diurnal variation

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72
Q

In the urine specimen for chloride, why is a 24-hour collection needed?

A

needed because of the large
diurnal variation

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73
Q

What are the methods used for chloride?

A
  1. Ion Selective Electrode (ISE)
  2. Mercurimetric Titration
  3. Colorimetry
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74
Q

This is a solid-state electrode using membranes composed of AgCl

A

ISE

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75
Q

ISE is a solid-state electrode using membranes composed of what?

A

AgCl

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76
Q

In this method for chloride, in the presence of Cl¯ anions, an oxidation reduction reaction occurs, silver metal forms Ag+ cation and electrons

A

ISE

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77
Q

In ISE in Cl, what occurs in the presence of Cl- anions?

A

an oxidation reduction reaction

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78
Q

In ISE, an oxidation reduction reaction occurs in the presence of what?

A

in the presence of Cl- anions

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79
Q

When an oxidation reduction reaction occurs, silver metal forms what?

A

silver metal forms Ag+ cation and electrons

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80
Q

Mercurimetric titration is also called …

A

Schales and Schales method

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81
Q

Schales and Schales method is also called …

A

mercurimetric titration

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82
Q

What is the principle in Mercurimetric titration?

A
  1. Cl- in the sample combines with the added Hg++ to form the soluble HgCl2 complex.
  2. Excess unreacted added Hg++ combines with an indicator such as diphenylcarbazone to form a blue violet/purple end point of titration
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83
Q

In Schales and Schales method, the Cl- in the sample combines with added Hg++ to form what?

A

to form the soluble HgCl2 complex

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84
Q

Excess unreacted added Hg++ combines what an indicator such as what?

A

such as diphenylcarbazone

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85
Q

Excess unreacted added Hg++ combines with an indicator such as diphenylcarbazone to form a what?

A

to form a blue-violet/purple end point of titration

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86
Q

Excess unreacted added Hg++ combines with a what?

A

combines with an indicator

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87
Q

What is the endpoint/end product of mercurimetric titration?

A

blue-violet/purple

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88
Q

Colorimetry method in chloride is by …

A

Schoenfeld and Lewellen

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89
Q

Schoenfeld and Lewellen demonstrated what method?

A

colorimetry

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90
Q

What is the principle of Schoenfeld and Lewellen?

A
  1. Cl- ions in serum displaced thiocyanate ions from mercuric thiocyanate forming = mercuric chloride, which is only very slightly ionized
  2. The liberated thiocyanate ions react with ferric ions to form = the orange-yellow thiocyanate complex, which is measured at 550nm against a water blank
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91
Q

In the colorimtery method, Cl- ions in serum displaces what?

A

displaces thiocyanate ions

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92
Q

In the colorimtery method, Cl- ions in serum displaces thiocyanate ions from what?

A

from mercuric thiocyanate

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93
Q

In the colorimtery method, Cl- ions in serum displaces thiocyanate from mercuric thiocyanate forming what?

A

forming mercuric chloride

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94
Q

the mercuric chloride formed from the displacement of thiocyanate from mercuric thiocyanate is only slightly ionized

true or false

A

VERY slightly ionized

false

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95
Q

the mercuric chloride formed from the displacement of thiocyanate from mercuric thiocyanate is only slightly ionized

true or false

A

VERY slightly ionized

false

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96
Q

In Schoenfeld and Lewellen, these react with ferric ions to form the orange-yellow thiocyanate complex?

A

liberated thiocyanate ions react with ferric ions

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97
Q

In colorimetry method in chloride, the liberated thiocyanate ions react with what?

A

react with ferric ions

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98
Q

In colorimetry method in chloride, the liberated thiocyanate ions react with ferric ions to form what?

A

to form the orange-yellow thiocyanate complex

99
Q

how is the orange-yellow thiocyanate complex formed from the reaction of liberated thiocyanate ions and the ferric ions measured?

A

measured at 550nm against a water blank

100
Q

how is the orange-yellow thiocyanate complex formed from the reaction of liberated thiocyanate ions and the ferric ions measured?

A

measured at 550nm against a water blank

101
Q

the orange-yellow thiocyanate complex in Schoenfeld and Lewellen is measured against a what?

A

against a water blank

102
Q

Under colorimetry, what is another test done?

A

sweat test

103
Q

It is the single most accepted common diagnostic tool for clinical identification of cystic fibrosis

A

sweat test

104
Q

The sweat test is the single most accepted common diagnostic tool for the clinical identification of what?

A

for the clinical identification of cystic fibrosis

105
Q

Cystic fibrosis is also called …

A

MUCOVISCIDOSIS

106
Q

It is the single most accepted common diagnostic tool

A

Sweat test

107
Q

It is essential for the insulin-mediated entry of glucose into cells

A

Phosphate

108
Q

Phosphate is essential for the insulin-mediated entry of glucose into cells by a process involving what?

A

a process involving phosphyorylation of the glucose and the co-entry of K+

109
Q

It is inversely related to calcium.

A

Phosphate

110
Q

This electrolyte has a reference value of 2.7-4.5 mg/dL (adults) 4.5-5.5 mg/dL (child)

A

Phosphate

111
Q

What is the reference value of phosphate in adults?

A

2.7-4.5 mg/dL

112
Q

What is the reference value of phosphate in children?

A

4.5-5.5 mg/dL

113
Q

What do you call it when phosphorus exists as a principle anion within cell?

A

organic phosphate

114
Q

When phosphorus exists as part of the blood buffer

A

Inorganic phosphate

115
Q

Organic phosphate is part of the blood buffer

true or false

A

Inorganic phosphate

false

116
Q

Organic phosphate is the principal anion within cell

true or false

A

true

117
Q

Phosphorus exists as what? (2)

A
  1. Organic
  2. Inorganic
118
Q

What are the forms of phosphorus?

A
  1. Free or unbound form
  2. Complexed with ions
  3. Protein-bound
119
Q

What form of phosphorus has the highest percent?

A

Free or unbound form

120
Q

What percent of phosphorus is protein bound?

A

10%

121
Q

What percent of phosphorus is free or unbound?

A

55%

122
Q

What percent of phosphorus is complexed with ions?

A

35%

123
Q

10% of phosphorus is what form?

A

protein bound

124
Q

55% of phosphorus is what form?

A

Free or unbound

125
Q

What are the factors affecting phosphate concentration?

A
  • PTH
  • Calcitonin
  • Growth hormone
126
Q

This is a factor affecting phosphate concentration that decreases the phosphate by renal excretion

A

PTH

127
Q

This is a factor affecting phosphate concentration that inhibits bone reabsorption

A

Calcitonin

128
Q

This is a factor affecting phosphate concentration that increases phosphate renal reabsorption

A

Growth hormone

129
Q

How does the PTH affect phosphate concentration?

A

It DECREASES phosphate by renal excretion

130
Q

How does the PTH affect phosphate concentration?

A

It DECREASES phosphate by renal excretion

131
Q

How does the Calcitonin affect phosphate concentration?

A

It INHIBITS bone reabsorption

132
Q

How does the Growth Hormone affect phosphate concentration?

A

It INCREASES phosphate renal reabsorption

133
Q

The PTH decreases phosphate by what?

A

by renal excretion

134
Q

Calcitonin inhibits what?

A

renal reabsorption

135
Q

Growth hormone increases what?

A

increases phosphate renal reabsorption

136
Q

A high CHO diet in phosphorus can result to what?

A

DECREASED LEVELS of phosphate

137
Q

What is required in specimen consideration in phosphorus?

A

fasting is required

138
Q

Why is fasting required as a practical consideration in phosphorus?

A

because a high CHO diet can result in decreased levels of phosphorus

139
Q

In specimen consideration of phosphorus, what must be done to the specimen?

A

Separate the serum from the red cell immediately after clotting is completed

140
Q

In the specimen consideration of phosphorus, what are the anticoagulants that interfere with the analytical method?

A
  • Oxalate
  • Citrate
  • EDTA
141
Q

Phosphate (PO4) deficiency can lead to what?

A

ATP depletion

142
Q

ATP depletion is due to what?

A

Phosphate (PO4) deficiency

143
Q

It is the second most abundant anion in the ECF

A

Bicarbonate

144
Q

This electrolyte has a reference value of : 21-28 mEq/L (venous blood, plasma or serum)

A

Bicarbonate

145
Q

What is the reference value of Bicarbonate?

A

21-28 mEq/L

146
Q

How does the pH imbalance of bicarbonate happen?

A
  1. It diffuses out of the cell in exchange for chloride to maintain ionic charge neutrality within the cell
  2. the buffering capacity of blood is maintained by a reversible exchange process between bicarbonate and chloride
147
Q

The pH imbalance of bicarbonate diffuses out of the cell in exchange for what?

A

in exchange for chloride

148
Q

The pH imbalance of bicarbonate diffuses out of the cell in exchange for chloride to maintain what?

A

to maintain ionic charge neutrality within the cell

149
Q

The diffusion of phosphate out of the cell in exchange for chloride to maintain ionic charge neutrality is called what?

A

chloride shift

150
Q

this is maintained by a reversible exchange process between bicarbonate and chloride

A

the buffering capacity of blood

151
Q

How is the buffering capacity of blood in the pH imbalance of phosphorus maintained?

A

maintained by a REVERSIBLE process

152
Q

The buffering capacity of blood in the pH imbalance of phosphorus is maintained by a REVERSIBLE process between what?

A

between bicarbonate and chloride

153
Q

What is the function of Bicarbonate?

A

it is the major component of the buffering system in the blood

154
Q

How is the specimen for bicabonate collected?

A

blood is ANAEROBICALLY collected

155
Q

What is the specimen suitable for the analysis of bicarbonate?

A

Serum or lithium heparin plasma

156
Q

Serum or lithium heparin is suitable for the analysis of what?

A

bicarbonate

157
Q

Serum or lithium heparin is suitable for the analysis of what?

A

bicarbonate

158
Q

lithium heparin is the anticoagulant of choice for what electrolyte?

A

chloride

159
Q

What are the 2 methods used for the analysis of bicarbonate?

A
  1. ISE
  2. Enzymatic
160
Q

The Ion Selective Electrode for the analysis of bicarbonate uses what electrode in particular?

A

pCO2 electrode

161
Q

The enzymatic method for the analysis of bicarbonate uses what enzyme in particular?

A

phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and dehydrogenase

162
Q

This is used to carboxylate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) in the presence of PEP carboxylase

A

HCO3-

163
Q

HCO3- is used to carboxylate what?

A

used to carboxylate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)

164
Q

HCO3- is used to carboxylate PEP in the presence of what?

A

in the presence of PEP carboxylase

165
Q

this catalyzes the formation of oxaloacetate

A

PEP carboxylase

166
Q

PEP carboxylase catalyzes the formation of what?

A

oxaloacetate

167
Q

Known as Major extracellular cation

A

Sodium

168
Q

It is the most abundant cation in the ECF

A

Sodium

169
Q

Sodium represents what percent of ALL EXTRACELLULAR CATIONS?

A

90%

170
Q

Slight hemolysis does not affect the testing process for this electrolyte

A

Sodium

171
Q

significant hemolysis can dilute the sample for the testing of this electrolyte

A

Sodium

172
Q

What are the samples than can be used for analysis bicarbonate?

A

Serum, plasma, or urine

173
Q

What must be avoided in the analysis of sodium?

A

Avoid any additive with SODIUM

174
Q

What additives can be used for the analysis of sodium?

A

Lithium heparin, potassium EDTA

175
Q

What is the reference method for the analysis of sodium?

A

Atomic Absorption Mass Spectrometry (AAS)

176
Q

What are the methods for the analysis of sodium?

A
  1. AAS
  2. ISE
  3. Chemical Method
177
Q

In the analysis of sodium, what is the ISE electrode used in particular?

A

Glass membrane electrode

178
Q

It is the most routinely used method in clinical laboratories for the analysis of sodium

A

ISE electrode: Glass membrane electrode

179
Q

What are the 2 types of ISE measurements in the analysis of sodium?

A
  1. Direct method
  2. Indirect method
180
Q

this ISE measurement is the undiluted sample

A

direct method

181
Q

This type of ISE measurement is the diluted sample

A

Indirect method

182
Q

This type of ISE measurement can be affected by protein and lipid that can displace sodium

A

Indirect method

183
Q

The indirect method can be affected by what?

A

by protein and lipids

184
Q

In the indirect method, these can displace sodium

A

proteins and lipids

185
Q

what is the effect of proteins and lipids to sodium can lead to what?

A

can lead to falsely decreased measurement

186
Q

In the chemical method for the analysis of sodium, what is the chemical method called?

A

albanese lien

187
Q

Albanese lien is composed of what?

A

cupric sulfate and NaOH

188
Q

It is the major intracellular cation in the body

A

Potassium

189
Q

This electrolyte has a concentration 20 times greater inside the cells than outside.

A

Potassium

190
Q

Potassium has a concentration 20 times greater outside the cells than inside

True or false

A

20 times greater inside the cells than outside

false

191
Q

In the preanalytical analysis of potassium, what must be avoided?

A
  • Hemolysis
  • Prolonged tourniquet application
  • excessive opening and closing of fists during phlebotomy
192
Q

For the analysis of potassium, blood should be stored where?

A

stored at room temperature

193
Q

In the analaysis of potassium, if the sample is a whole blood, how must the sample be handled?

A

NEVER REFRIGERATE

194
Q

Why must whole blood sample in the analysis of potassium never be refrigerated?

A

because of the tendency of potassium to LEAK OUT from serum upon refrigeration

195
Q

What can the results be if whole blood for the analysis of potassium if specimen was refrigerated?

A

FALSELY ELEVATED

196
Q

What is the reference method for potassium?

A

Atomic Absorption Mass Spectrometry (AAS)

197
Q

What is the ISE used for the analysis of potassium?

A

Valinomycin membrane electrode

198
Q

The flame emission photometry in the analysis of potassium produced what color?

A

purple

199
Q

What is the chemical method used for the analysis of potassium?

A

Lockhead and Purcell method

200
Q

What are the methods used for the analysis of Potassium?

A
  1. AAS
  2. ISE: Valinomycin membrane electrode
  3. Flame emission photometry
  4. Chemical method: Lockhead and Purcell method
201
Q

Most abundant cation in the body

A

Calcium

202
Q

Where is calcium distributed in the body?

A
  1. Bones
  2. Blood
  3. Cytosol
203
Q

What percent is calcium present in the bones?

A

99%

204
Q

What percent is calcium present in the blood?

A

1%

205
Q

What percent is calcium present in the cytosol?

A

<1%

206
Q

What are the forms of Calcium in the blood?

A
  • Ionized
  • Protein bound
  • Complexed
207
Q

This form of calcium in the blood is measurable

A

Ionized

208
Q

These are examples of complex forms of calcium

A
  • lactate
  • citrate
  • bicarbonate
209
Q

What form of calcium in the blood is the most abundant?

A

Ionized

210
Q

How many percent of calcium in the blood is ionized?

A

45%

211
Q

How many percent of calcium in the blood is protein bound?

A

40%

212
Q

How many percent of calcium in the blood is complexed?

A

15%

213
Q

This electrolye is capable of binding magnesium

A

calcium

214
Q

Because calcium is capable of binding magnesium, what must be done prior to analysis?

A

USE A MAGNESIUM SHELTER

215
Q

A magnesium shelter is composed of what?

A

8-hydroxyquinoline/quinolol

216
Q

Why should a magnesium shelter be used prior to calcium analysis?

A

to avoid interference by magnesium for O-cresolphthalein complexone method

217
Q

Prior to calcium analysis, a magnesium shelter is used to avoid the interference by magnesium for what method?

A

O-cresolphthalein complexone method

218
Q

What are the methods that can be used for the analysis of calcium?

A

AAS and Dye Binding methods

219
Q

What is the reference method for the analysis of calcium?

A

Atomic Absorption Mass Spectrometry

220
Q

What is the wavelength used to measure chloride colorimetrically?

A

550nm

221
Q

What is the wavelength for O-cresolphthalein complexone?

A

570nm

222
Q

what is the wavelength of Arsenazo III dye?

A

530nm

223
Q

What are the Dye binding methods used in the analysis of calcium?

A
  1. O-cresolphthalein complexone (570nm)
  2. Arsenazo III dye (530nm)
  3. Clark and collip method
  4. Sulkowitch
224
Q

this dye binding method does not need for a shelter

A

Arsenazo III dye

225
Q

Why does the Arsenazo III dye does not need a shelter?

A

because it is specific to calcium

226
Q

This dye binding method is an old method

A

Clark and Collip method

227
Q

This dye binding method is a redox titration

A

Clark and Collip method

228
Q

This dye binding method is for urine calcium analysis

A

Sulkowitch

229
Q

Sulkowitch is used specifically for the analysis of what?

A

Urine calcium analysis

230
Q

It is the fourth most abundant cation in the body

A

Magnesium (Mg2+)

231
Q

It is second most abundant intracellular ion.

A

Magnesium

232
Q

What are the methods that can be used for the analysis of Magnesium?

A
  1. AAS
  2. Dye binding methods
233
Q

What is the reference method for the analysis of Magnesium?

A

Atomic Absorption Mass Spectrometry (AAS)

234
Q

What are the dye binding methods for the analysis of Magnesium?

A
  1. Titan yellow
  2. Calmagite with magnesium
  3. Formazan
  4. Methylthymol blue
  5. O-cresolphthalein complexone
235
Q

What is the wavelength for Titan Yellow?

A

570-590nm

236
Q

What is the wavelength for Calmagite with Magnesium?

A

532 nm

237
Q

What is the wavelength for Formazan?

A

660 nm

238
Q

What is the wavelength for Methylthymol blue?

A

600 nm

239
Q

What is the wavelength for O-cresolphthalein complexone?

A

570 nm

240
Q

What is the color produced by Calmagite with magnesium?

A

reddish violet complex

241
Q

What is the color produced by Formazan?

A

blue complex

242
Q

Using O-cresolphthalein complexone, if we are to measure magnesium, what should be done?

A

we should inhibit the calcium

243
Q

In O-cresolphthalein, if we are to measure magnesium why should inhibit the calcium?

A

in order to avoid interference by calcium

244
Q

In O-cresolphthalein, if we are to measure magnesium calcium is inhibited in order to avoid interference by calcium. What is used?

A

“glycosilated glyco EDTA” in magnesium analysis used

245
Q

It is the chief counter ion of sodium in ECF

A

chloride

Clin Chem 2 (Laboratory) (5 decks)

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