(LC06) Canine Infectious Disease

Question 1

Name the most significant Canine Infectious Diseases in a shelter environment.

Answer 1

• Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (CIRDC)
• Canine Adenovirus
• Canine Parvovirus
• Canine Distemper Virus
• Canine Influenza
• Rabies

Question 2

What is the technical term for Canine Infectious Disease Complex (CIRDC)?

Answer 2

Kennel Cough

Question 3

Causative agent of Kennel Cough?

Answer 3

multiple varieties: viral, bacterial, or both

Question 4

Viral aspects of Kennel Cough?

Answer 4

adenovirus, distemper, parainfluenza

Question 5

Bacterial aspects of Kennel Cough?

Answer 5

Bordetella bronchiseptica, Mycoplasma, Streptococcus equi, subsp. Zooepidemicus

Question 6

How to diagnose Kennel Cough?

Answer 6

Varies by causative agent; canine PCR panel

Question 7

Clinical signs of Kennel Cough?

Answer 7

• nasal/ocular discharge
• “honking” cough (tracheal palpation)
• Bronchopneumponia can develop (severe)

Question 8

Treatment of Kennel Cough?

Answer 8

Supportive with possible antibiotics

Question 9

Prevention of Kennel Cough?

Answer 9

• Vaccination on intake

- Facility (ventilation, low stress, adequate isolation)

Question 10

Describe Adenovirus.

Answer 10

ds DNA virus; two types: Adenovirus 1 & 2

Question 11

Transmission of Adenovirus?

Answer 11

aerosol droplets

Question 12

Diagnosis of Adenovirus?

Answer 12

PCR–included on the Canine Respiratory PCR panel

Question 13

Clinical signs of Adenovirus?

Answer 13

asymptomatic to severe

cough, tonsillitis, interstitial pneumonia

Question 14

Treatment of Adenovirus?

Answer 14

supportive care

Isolate infected

Question 15

Prevention of Adenovirus?

Answer 15

vaccinate on intake

Question 16

Describe Parvovirus.

Answer 16

ss, non-enveloped DNA virus

Question 17

Types of Parvovirus?

Answer 17

CPV1 & CPV2

Question 18

Transmission of Parvovirus?

Answer 18

Direct: fecal-oral
Indirect: fomites
*feces contamination/contact

Question 19

Who is most susceptible to Parvovirus?

Answer 19

6wks to 6 mos. puppies

Question 20

Diagnosis of Parvovirus?

Answer 20

• ELISA snap test (detects antigen in FECES)

- PCR (identifying subtypes)

Question 21

Clinical signs of Parvovirus?

Answer 21

-acute gastroenteritis
>lethargy
>inappetence
>nausea- vomiting
>diarrhea

• Acute myocarditis in fetal puppies
• Bone marrow supression

Question 22

Treatment of Parvovirus?

Answer 22

supportive care

IV or SQ fluids. antibiotics prevent secondary infections, antiemetics & gastroprotectants

Question 23

Prevention of Parvovirus?

Answer 23

Vaccinate on intake
Good hygiene
–the vaccination could cause weak false positive, but not strong false positive

Question 24

Describe Distemper.

Answer 24

enveloped RNA virus

Question 25

Transmission of Distemper?

Answer 25

Aerosol transmission | direct contact most common, but indirect via fomite possible

Question 26

Susceptibility of Distemper?

Answer 26

similar to parvo--3 to 6 mos. of age | coincides with a decline in maternal antibodies

Question 27

Incubation of Distemper?

Answer 27

1-4 wks. (could be longer)

Question 28

Diagnosis of Distemper?

Answer 28

PCR is primary | ELISA snap available but detects high antibody concentrations= false positives

Question 29

Clinical signs of Distemper?

Answer 29

Initial symptoms could include: - fever, lethargy, anorexia (typically unnoticed) - Could later have life-threatening disease (URI, GI, neurologic)

Question 30

What would you call the clinical signs of Distemper?

Answer 30

biphasic--has two phases

Question 31

Describe Canine Influenza.

Answer 31

enveloped RNA virus

Question 32

What are the strains of Canine Influenza?

Answer 32

H3N2 | H3N8

Question 33

Transmission of Canine Influenza?

Answer 33

aerosol droplets | can be direct contact or indirect via fomites

Question 34

Diagnosis of Canine Influenza?

Answer 34

PCR or serology ELISA

Question 35

Clinical signs of Canine Influenza?

Answer 35

variable from none to severe - Asymptomatic (can still be infectious) - Peracute (very severe) disease can cause supprative (formation of) or hemorrhagic pneumonia (can be fatal)

Question 36

Treatment of Canine Influenza?

Answer 36

Rest, fluids, isolation

Question 37

Prevention of Canine Influenza?

Answer 37

Vaccination? We have one, but it is not prevalent enough to necessarily warrant regular vaccination -Targeted use of vaccination in the face of outbreaks

Question 38

Describe Rabies.

Answer 38

enveloped RNA virus of rhabdovirus family, Lyssavirus genus

Question 39

Transmission of Rabies?

Answer 39

direct contact between broken skin & infected saliva - often through bites - Disease can only be transmitted during active infection

Question 40

Incubation of Rabies?

Answer 40

weeks to months (years?)

Question 41

Diagnosis of Rabies?

Answer 41

no antemortem diagnostic tests | -Direct fluorescent antibody testing post- mortem

Question 42

Clinical signs of Rabies?

Answer 42

vary Start non-specific but progress to neurologic -fever, loss of appetite, itching bite site -neurologic signs can be classified as furious or paralytic

Question 43

What are dogs more likely to face in regards to Rabies?

Answer 43

paralytic form

Question 44

What are cats more likely to face in regards to Rabies?

Answer 44

furious form

Question 45

What happens if your unvaccinated dog bites someone?

Answer 45

The victim can demand proof Rabies-free which means the dog will need to be euthanized & test---remember, there's no antemortem tests!

Question 46

Treament for Rabies?

Answer 46

Non available (100% fatal)

Question 47

Prevention of Rabies?

Answer 47

Vaccination - typically at time of spay/neuter or adoption--NOT on intake - Rabies spread in shelter environment likelihood is low

Question 48

What provides the highest level of protection possible in shelter environments?

Answer 48

Vaccination

Question 49

What is most important in stopping spread in a shelter environment?

Answer 49

Isolation | -Shelters will need to weigh the manpower necessary for treatment as to whether they are able to take it on

Question 50

What is the best thing we can do for an animal in a shelter environment?

Answer 50

Longer the stay=more risk for developing infectious disease | Get them out asap!