Feline/Canine Disease Highlights Flashcards
(Feline)
Most significant feline infectious diseases in shelters?
- Feline Upper Respiratory Tract Disease (URTD)
- Panleukopenia (feline parvo)
- Dermatophytosis (Ringworm)
*Others:
FeLV (Feline Leukemia)
FIV (Feline Immunodeficiency Virus)
(Feline)
Name the five primary infectious diseases that cause URI.
1) Feline herpes virus-1
2) Feline calicivirus
3) Chlamydophila felis
4) Bordetella bronchiseptics
5) Mycoplasma
(Feline)
Describe Feline herpes (FHV-1)
Highlights:
- Agent? Feline herpes virus-1
- Signs? sneezing, nasal/ocular discharge
- Transmission? direct/fomite
- Shedding? 80-100% latent carriers–stress= shed
What is a good indicator of how well a shelter is doing at maintaining a low-stress environment?
- number emerging viruses (URI)
- healthy animals turning sick on intake
(Feline)
Describe Calicivirus.
Highlights:
- severe, straight to isolation
- Agent? non-enveloped RNA virus
- Clinical signs? oral ulcerations
- Transmission? direct/fomite
- Shedding? 30 d-lifetime
- Mortality/Morbidity? 33-50% w/virulent strain
Why is it difficult to kill a non-enveloped virus?
Most disinfectants are made to target the envelope of a virus
*Sanitation must target UNenveloped viruses
(Feline)
Describe Chlamydophila.
Highlights:
- Agent? Chalmydophila felis
- Clinical signs? conjunctivitis primarily (unilateral)
- Transmission? direct/fomite; poor survival o/s host & shed in repro tract (infects kittens)
- Shedding? persist/reoccur for months
(Feline)
Describe Bordetella.
Highlights:
- Agent? Bordetella bronchiseptica
- Susceptible? dogs/cats/rabbits/horses/rodents/pigs
- Zoonosis? rare
- Signs? oculonasal discharge/sneezing/fever/lethargy–pneumonia kittens
- Transmission? direct/fomite/fluids
- Shedding? not enough to pass on
(Feline)
Describe Panleukopenia.
Highlights:
- Feline distemper
- Agent? non-enveloped ss DNA parvovirus
- Signs? febrile/depression/v/d/death
- Transmission? fecal-oral/direct/fomite
- highly contagious
- Shedding? up to 6 wks.
- Vaccine? excellent efficacy
(Feline)
Describe Dermatophytosis.
Highlights:
*Ringworm
-Agent: Microsporum canis
(test question!)
-Zoonotic? YES
-Transmission? spores on hair (very resistant- can persist >1 yr.)
-Diagnosis? wood lamp (detect on intake?), fungal culture, KOH direct smear
(Feline)
Describe Feline Leukemia (FeLV).
Highlights:
- Agent? enveloped RNA retrovirus (infects cell & inserts its own genome to be copied)
- Signs? kitten fading syndrome, chronic inflamm., neoplasia (ab. growth of tissue), secondary infections
- Transmission? mostly saliva/milk
- Carrier state? viremic but appear healthy
(Feline)
Describe Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV).
Highlights:
- Agent? enveloped RNA virus
- Signs? chronic inflamm. conditions (stomatitis/neoplasia), secondary infections
- Transmission? not highly contagious–mostly saliva/genital fluids
- Diagnosis? can’t distinguish infection from vaccination & false positives under 6 mo.
- Carrier state? viremic but appear healthy
(Canine)
What are the most significant diseases in a shelter environment?
- Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (CIRDC)
- Canine Adenovirus
- Canine Parvovirus
- Canine Distemper Virus
- Canine Influenza
- Rabies
(Canine)
Describe Kennel Cough.
Highlights:
- CIRDC
- Agent? viral, bacterial or both
- Diagnosis? varies by agent
- Signs? mucoid nasal/ocular discharge, “honking” cough, bronchopneumonia if severe
- Prevention? vx
(Canine)
Describe Adenovirus.
Highlights:
- ds DNA virus (adenoviridae)
- Transmission? aerosol droplets
- Diagnosis? Canine Respiratory PCR
- Signs? asymptomatic to severe
- Prevention? vx
(Canine)
Describe Parvovirus.
Highlights:
-ss non-enveloped DNA virus
-CPV1+2
-Transmission?
Direct: fecal-oral
Indirect: fomite infected w/feces
-Most susceptible? puppies (6 wks-6 mos.)
-Diagnosis? ELISA snap detects antigen in feces
-Signs? commonly gastroenteritis, acute myocarditis (inflamm. heart muscle)- fetal pups, bone marrow suppression
-Prevention? vx
(Canine)
What disinfectant works for Parvo?
- RESCUE or EXCEL (accelerated H2O2)- one step processes
- Bleach required prior cleaning- feces counteract
(Canine)
Describe Distemper.
Highlights:
-enveloped RNA virus
-Transmission? Aerosol
-Susceptibility? 3-6 mos. (coincides w/decline maternal antibodies)
-Diagnosis? PCR usually- ELISA= false pos.
-Signs? biphasic
1) fever/lethargy/anorexia
2) asymptomatic to severe
URI/GI upset/neurologic
-Treatment? supportive care or humane euth. (severe or isolation not possible)
-Prevention? vx on intake
(Canine)
Describe Canine Influenza.
Highlights:
- enveloped RNA virus
- H3N2 & H3N8
- Transmission? aerosol droplets
- Signs? none-severe
- asymptomatic can infect
- peracute= suppurative or hemorrhagic anemia= fatal
- Prevention? vx not widely used-target outbreaks instead
(Canine)
Describe Rabies.
Highlights:
-enveloped RNA virus
(rhabdovirus family, Lyssavirus genus)
-Transmission? direct contact broken skin/infected saliva
*only transmitted during active infection
-Diagnosis? post-mortem fluorescent antibody test
-Signs? non-specific & progress to neurologic
-Treatment? 100% fatal
-Prevention? vx @ time spay/neuter/adoption, NOT intake (less likely to spread in shelter env.)
**If your pet isn’t vaccinated, victim can demand rabies check= euthanasia
