(LC04) Feline Infectious Disease Flashcards by Heather M

What are the most significant diseases exhibited in shelter environment?

1) Feline Upper Respiratory Tract Diseases (URTD)
2) Panleukopenia
3) Dermatophytosis

Can also see:
FeLV & FIV

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What most commonly falls under the umbrella of Upper Respiratory Infection (URI) and Feline Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (FIRDC)?

Primary Infectious Agents:

1) Feline herpesvirus-1
2) Feline calicivirus
3) Chlamydophila felis
4) Bordetella bronchiseptica
4) Mycoplasma

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What is the most infectious agent seen in shelters?

Herpes virus

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What is the agent for Feline herpes?

Feline herpesvirus-1 (formerly feline rhinotracheitis virus)

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Susceptible species for Feline herpes?

cats only

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Is Feline Herpes Virus zoonotic?

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Clinical signs of Feline Herpes Virus?

sneezing, nasal & ocular discharge, conjunctivitis, oral ulceration (less common), chronic ocular lesions & rhinosinusitis

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Transmission of Feline Herpes?

direct & fomite;l prevelance 90-95%

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Incubation of Feline Herpes?

1-6 days

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Post-recovery shedding of Feline Herpes?

80-100% become latent carriers; stress precipitates shedding

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Morbidity/Mortality of Feline Herpes?

significantly higher in kittens (fever/depression/inappetence)

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What is a good indicator of how well a shelter is doing with caring for and reducing stress for cats?

Number of emerging herpes virus/URI cases on floor.

Healthy cats who come in get sick when there

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Agent of Feline calicivirus (FCV)?

Non-enveloped RNA virus

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Why is a non-enveloped virus harder to kill than enveloped?

Disinfectants target the envelope of the virus.

Need sanitation that targets non-enveloped

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What species is susceptible to FCV? Zoonotic?

cats only; not zoonotic

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Clinical signs of FCV?

oral ulcerations, sneezing, nasal & ocular discharge; lameness, skin lesions (less common)

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Transmission of FCV?

direct & fomite; hearty virus

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Incubation of FCV?

1-6 days

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Post-recovery shedding of FCV?

30 days to lifetime shedders; strain dependent

Important the cat should be housed away from others permanently throughout its shelter stay

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Morbidity/Mortality of FCV?

33-50% mortality w/Virulent Systemic Feline Calicivirus (VS-FCV)

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Agent of Chlamydophila?

Chlamydophila felis (formerly Chlamydia psittaci)

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What species is susceptible to Chlamydophila? Zoonotic?

Cats only; not zoonotic (only found one cases in an immunocompromised person)

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Clinical signs of Chlamydophila?

primarily conjunctivitis (often unilateral), conjunctival hyperemia, blepharospasm, chemosis & serous to mucopurulent ocular discharge

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Transmission of Chlamydophila?

direct & fomite; poor survival outside host; also shed from reproductive tract infecting kittens at birth

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Post-recovery shedding of Chlamydophila?

can persist and reoccur for months

Agent of Bordetella?

Bordetella bronchiseptica

Susceptible species of Bordetella? Zoonotic?

``` dogs, cats, rabbits, horses, rodents, pigs Rarely zoonotic (primarily immunocompromised people) ```

Clinical signs of Bordetella?

Oclonasal discharge, sneezing, fever, lethargy; coughing is much less common in dogs than in dogs; clinical signs more severe in kittens (pneumonia/death)

Transmission of Bordetella?

direct & fomite, survive in fluids

Post-recovery shedding in Bordetella?

not likely sufficient for transmission

Agent of Mycoplasma?

Mycoplasma spps. | Common subclinical resident bacteria

Clinical signs Mycoplasma?

normal flora of upper respiratory tract; as secondary agen Mycoplasma spps. can produce lower respiratory tract disease including pneumonia, branchopneumonia & pyothorax

What are the influential factors of URI Disease in cats?

Highly complex: multiple infectious agents & influential factors: - stress - environment/change/overcrowding - poor hygiene and/or ventilation

What causes the majority of Feline URI?

Feline Herpes Virus

Which are the most sporadic diseases seen relating to URI?

Calicivirus & Bordetella

How much of an issue and how common is Chlamydophila in shetler?

It is not common but problematic

What plays a significant role as a secondary pathogen?

Mycoplasma

What are standardized procedure for URI in shelters?

- Disease identification - Isolation/quarantine measures - Treatment: aimed at decreasing stress, preventing, addressing secondary bacterial infections

What is Panleukopenia?

feline distemper

What is the agent of Panleukopenia?

feline panleukopenia virus (FPV)

Describe the viral component of Panleukopenia.

FPV is non-enveloped, ss DNA parvovirus

Susceptible species to Panleukopenia?

cats

Is Panleukopenia zoonotic?

Clinical signs of Panleukopenia?

febrile, depression, vomiting, diarrhea, sudden death

Transmission of Panleukopenia?

fecal-oral, direct or via fomite | highly contagious

Incubation of Panleukopenia?

2-14 days (usually 5-7 days)

Shedding of Panleukopenia?

up to 6 wks

Diagnosis of Panleukopenia?

history, symptoms, ELISA (fecal antigen), leukopenia (reduction in WBC- esp. neutrophils), segmental enteritis on necropsy

Treatment of Panleukopenia?

aggressive symptomatic pt support but only if strict isolation possible

Morbidity/Mortality of Panleukopenia?

variable, may depend on vx status

Vaccine for Panleukopenia?

killed, modified live, excellent efficacy

Agent of Dermatophytosis (Ringworm)?

Microsporum canis *most common in cats *test question!

What is Dermatophytosis?

Ringworm

Susceptible species to Ringworm?

cats, dogs, ferrets, others | THIS IS ZOONOTIC

Clinical signs of Ringworm?

great variation: mild alopecia, crusting, scaling, erythema (redening of skin in patches), pruritus (itchy skin), hyperpigmentation, ear margin inflammation, pododermatitis, papules, pustules, etc.

Incubation of Ringworm?

2-3 wks

Diagnosis of Ringworm?

woods lamp (UV light), fungal culture, KOH direct smear

Treatment of Ringworm?

topical & systemic (targets whole body)

Carrier state of Ringworm?

none, cat could be mechanical carrier without clinical signs

Feline Leukemia (FeLV) Agent?

Feline leukemia virus--enveloped RNA retrovirus (inserts copy of their transcript into genome for replication)

Susceptible species to FeLV?

cats only, not zoonotic

Clinical signs of FeLV?

kitten fading syndrome, chronic inflammatory conditions, neoplasia, secondary infections

Transmission of FeLV?

saliva and milk mostly

Incubation of FeLV?

up to 4 wks from exposure; clincal signs may not develop for months

Diagnosis of FeLV?

ELISA & IFA antigen tests (blood or serum)

Treatment of FeLV?

none

Morbidity/Mortality of FeLV?

moderate reduction in life expectancy

Vaccination for FeLV?

yes

Carrier state of FeLV?

could be viremic (presence of virus in blood) but appear healthy

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) agent?

enveloped RNA retrovirus

Susceptible species to FIV?

cats only, not zoonotic

Clinical signs of FIV?

chronic inflammatory conditions, secondary infections

Transmission of FIV?

not highly contagious--primarily saliva & genital fluids

Incubation of FIV?

antibodies 2-4 wks post infection, clinical signs possibly 3-4 yrs. post

Diagnosis of FIV?

ELISA and Western Blot serum antibody tests | cannot distinguish infection from vaccination, false positives in kittens under 6 mos.

Treatment for FIV?

none

Morbidity/Mortality for FIV?

slightly reduced life span

Vaccination for FIV?

yes

Carrier state for FIV?

yes. viremic & appear healthy