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Shelter Basics (VCS 891 A) > (LC04) Feline Infectious Disease > Flashcards

(LC04) Feline Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most significant diseases exhibited in shelter environment?

A

1) Feline Upper Respiratory Tract Diseases (URTD)
2) Panleukopenia
3) Dermatophytosis

Can also see:
FeLV & FIV

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2
Q

What most commonly falls under the umbrella of Upper Respiratory Infection (URI) and Feline Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (FIRDC)?

A

Primary Infectious Agents:

1) Feline herpesvirus-1
2) Feline calicivirus
3) Chlamydophila felis
4) Bordetella bronchiseptica
4) Mycoplasma

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3
Q

What is the most infectious agent seen in shelters?

A

Herpes virus

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4
Q

What is the agent for Feline herpes?

A

Feline herpesvirus-1 (formerly feline rhinotracheitis virus)

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5
Q

Susceptible species for Feline herpes?

A

cats only

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6
Q

Is Feline Herpes Virus zoonotic?

A

No

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7
Q

Clinical signs of Feline Herpes Virus?

A

sneezing, nasal & ocular discharge, conjunctivitis, oral ulceration (less common), chronic ocular lesions & rhinosinusitis

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8
Q

Transmission of Feline Herpes?

A

direct & fomite;l prevelance 90-95%

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9
Q

Incubation of Feline Herpes?

A

1-6 days

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10
Q

Post-recovery shedding of Feline Herpes?

A

80-100% become latent carriers; stress precipitates shedding

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11
Q

Morbidity/Mortality of Feline Herpes?

A

significantly higher in kittens (fever/depression/inappetence)

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12
Q

What is a good indicator of how well a shelter is doing with caring for and reducing stress for cats?

A

Number of emerging herpes virus/URI cases on floor.

Healthy cats who come in get sick when there

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13
Q

Agent of Feline calicivirus (FCV)?

A

Non-enveloped RNA virus

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14
Q

Why is a non-enveloped virus harder to kill than enveloped?

A

Disinfectants target the envelope of the virus.

Need sanitation that targets non-enveloped

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15
Q

What species is susceptible to FCV? Zoonotic?

A

cats only; not zoonotic

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16
Q

Clinical signs of FCV?

A

oral ulcerations, sneezing, nasal & ocular discharge; lameness, skin lesions (less common)

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17
Q

Transmission of FCV?

A

direct & fomite; hearty virus

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18
Q

Incubation of FCV?

A

1-6 days

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19
Q

Post-recovery shedding of FCV?

A

30 days to lifetime shedders; strain dependent

Important the cat should be housed away from others permanently throughout its shelter stay

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20
Q

Morbidity/Mortality of FCV?

A

33-50% mortality w/Virulent Systemic Feline Calicivirus (VS-FCV)

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21
Q

Agent of Chlamydophila?

A

Chlamydophila felis (formerly Chlamydia psittaci)

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22
Q

What species is susceptible to Chlamydophila? Zoonotic?

A

Cats only; not zoonotic (only found one cases in an immunocompromised person)

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23
Q

Clinical signs of Chlamydophila?

A

primarily conjunctivitis (often unilateral), conjunctival hyperemia, blepharospasm, chemosis & serous to mucopurulent ocular discharge

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24
Q

Transmission of Chlamydophila?

A

direct & fomite; poor survival outside host; also shed from reproductive tract infecting kittens at birth

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25
Q

Post-recovery shedding of Chlamydophila?

A

can persist and reoccur for months

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26
Q

Agent of Bordetella?

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica

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27
Q

Susceptible species of Bordetella? Zoonotic?

A 
dogs, cats, rabbits, horses, rodents, pigs
Rarely zoonotic (primarily immunocompromised people)
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28
Q

Clinical signs of Bordetella?

A

Oclonasal discharge, sneezing, fever, lethargy; coughing is much less common in dogs than in dogs; clinical signs more severe in kittens (pneumonia/death)

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29
Q

Transmission of Bordetella?

A

direct & fomite, survive in fluids

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30
Q

Post-recovery shedding in Bordetella?

A

not likely sufficient for transmission

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31
Q

Agent of Mycoplasma?

A

Mycoplasma spps.

Common subclinical resident bacteria

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32
Q

Clinical signs Mycoplasma?

A

normal flora of upper respiratory tract; as secondary agen Mycoplasma spps. can produce lower respiratory tract disease including pneumonia, branchopneumonia & pyothorax

33
Q

What are the influential factors of URI Disease in cats?

A

Highly complex: multiple infectious agents & influential factors:

  • stress
  • environment/change/overcrowding
  • poor hygiene and/or ventilation
34
Q

What causes the majority of Feline URI?

A

Feline Herpes Virus

35
Q

Which are the most sporadic diseases seen relating to URI?

A

Calicivirus & Bordetella

36
Q

How much of an issue and how common is Chlamydophila in shetler?

A

It is not common but problematic

37
Q

What plays a significant role as a secondary pathogen?

A

Mycoplasma

38
Q

What are standardized procedure for URI in shelters?

A
  • Disease identification
  • Isolation/quarantine measures
  • Treatment: aimed at decreasing stress, preventing, addressing secondary bacterial infections
39
Q

What is Panleukopenia?

A

feline distemper

40
Q

What is the agent of Panleukopenia?

A

feline panleukopenia virus (FPV)

41
Q

Describe the viral component of Panleukopenia.

A

FPV is non-enveloped, ss DNA parvovirus

42
Q

Susceptible species to Panleukopenia?

A

cats

43
Q

Is Panleukopenia zoonotic?

A

no

44
Q

Clinical signs of Panleukopenia?

A

febrile, depression, vomiting, diarrhea, sudden death

45
Q

Transmission of Panleukopenia?

A

fecal-oral, direct or via fomite

highly contagious

46
Q

Incubation of Panleukopenia?

A

2-14 days (usually 5-7 days)

47
Q

Shedding of Panleukopenia?

A

up to 6 wks

48
Q

Diagnosis of Panleukopenia?

A

history, symptoms, ELISA (fecal antigen), leukopenia (reduction in WBC- esp. neutrophils), segmental enteritis on necropsy

49
Q

Treatment of Panleukopenia?

A

aggressive symptomatic pt support but only if strict isolation possible

50
Q

Morbidity/Mortality of Panleukopenia?

A

variable, may depend on vx status

51
Q

Vaccine for Panleukopenia?

A

killed, modified live, excellent efficacy

52
Q

Agent of Dermatophytosis (Ringworm)?

A

Microsporum canis
*most common in cats

*test question!

53
Q

What is Dermatophytosis?

A

Ringworm

54
Q

Susceptible species to Ringworm?

A

cats, dogs, ferrets, others

THIS IS ZOONOTIC

55
Q

Clinical signs of Ringworm?

A

great variation: mild alopecia, crusting, scaling, erythema (redening of skin in patches), pruritus (itchy skin), hyperpigmentation, ear margin inflammation, pododermatitis, papules, pustules, etc.

56
Q

Incubation of Ringworm?

A

2-3 wks

57
Q

Diagnosis of Ringworm?

A

woods lamp (UV light), fungal culture, KOH direct smear

58
Q

Treatment of Ringworm?

A

topical & systemic (targets whole body)

59
Q

Carrier state of Ringworm?

A

none, cat could be mechanical carrier without clinical signs

60
Q

Feline Leukemia (FeLV) Agent?

A

Feline leukemia virus–enveloped RNA retrovirus (inserts copy of their transcript into genome for replication)

61
Q

Susceptible species to FeLV?

A

cats only, not zoonotic

62
Q

Clinical signs of FeLV?

A

kitten fading syndrome, chronic inflammatory conditions, neoplasia, secondary infections

63
Q

Transmission of FeLV?

A

saliva and milk mostly

64
Q

Incubation of FeLV?

A

up to 4 wks from exposure; clincal signs may not develop for months

65
Q

Diagnosis of FeLV?

A

ELISA & IFA antigen tests (blood or serum)

66
Q

Treatment of FeLV?

A

none

67
Q

Morbidity/Mortality of FeLV?

A

moderate reduction in life expectancy

68
Q

Vaccination for FeLV?

A

yes

69
Q

Carrier state of FeLV?

A

could be viremic (presence of virus in blood) but appear healthy

70
Q

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) agent?

A

enveloped RNA retrovirus

71
Q

Susceptible species to FIV?

A

cats only, not zoonotic

72
Q

Clinical signs of FIV?

A

chronic inflammatory conditions, secondary infections

73
Q

Transmission of FIV?

A

not highly contagious–primarily saliva & genital fluids

74
Q

Incubation of FIV?

A

antibodies 2-4 wks post infection, clinical signs possibly 3-4 yrs. post

75
Q

Diagnosis of FIV?

A

ELISA and Western Blot serum antibody tests

cannot distinguish infection from vaccination, false positives in kittens under 6 mos.

76
Q

Treatment for FIV?

A

none

77
Q

Morbidity/Mortality for FIV?

A

slightly reduced life span

78
Q

Vaccination for FIV?

A

yes

79
Q

Carrier state for FIV?

A

yes. viremic & appear healthy

Shelter Basics (VCS 891 A) (5 decks)

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