LC 2.4 Flashcards
1
Q
papillary dermis
A
- uppermost layer of dermis
- interwines with the rete ridges of the epidermis
- composed of fine and loosely arranged fibers
- composed of loos areolar connective tissue
- fingerlike projections such as papillae - extend towards epidermis
- there is network of blood capillaries or tactile meissner’s corpuscles
2
Q
reticular dermis
A
- dense irregular connective tissue
- primary location of dermal elastic fibers
- usually thicker than the overlying papillary dermis
- orientation of collagen fibers within the reticular dermis creates lines of tension called langer’s lines
3
Q
dermal papillae
A
- small finger-like projections
- blood vessels in the dermal papillae nourishes all hair follicles
- main function is to support the epidermis
- increases the exchange of nutrients, oxygen and waste products
- pivotal role in hair formation, growth and cycling
- interdigitate with the rete pegs of the superficial epithelium
4
Q
function of hair?
A
- warmth
- protection
- touch sense
- facilitation of evaporation of perspiration
5
Q
what is the papilla of hair?
A
- base of hair follicle
- mainly made of connective tissue and capillary loop
- cell division is rare of non-existent
6
Q
what is the matrix of hair?
A
- specialised epithelial cells
- highly mechanically resilient tissue
- modified keratins with large amounts of amino acid cysteine
- cysteine use cross-linking for strong material
- give rise to non-hair non keratinised IRSC( inner root sheath cell)
7
Q
what is the root sheath?
A
- composed of external and internal root sheath
- external root sheath are cuboidal cells
8
Q
how many layers does the internal root sheath have?
A
- internal cuticle (outer)
- huxley layer (middle)
- henle layer (inner)
9
Q
what is the bulge?
A
- it is at the attachment of the arrector pili muscle
- there are several types of stem cells
- supply the entire hair follicle with new cells
- involved in healing epidermis after wound
10
Q
what is arrector pili muscle?
A
- small muscle attached to hair follicles
- contraction of these muscle cause hair to stand
- smooth muscle fibres
11
Q
what is the strucutre of sebaceous gland?
A
- acinar structure
- made up of cluster of 2-6 piriform alveoli
- duct open into hair follicles
- duct can open to surface of skin
12
Q
function of sebaceous gland
A
- secretion
- sebum
- protection
- hydration
13
Q
what is anagen phase?
A
- growth phase
- root of hair is divide rapidly
- this period is genetically determined
- unknown signal causes follicle to go into catagen phase
14
Q
what is catagen phase?
A
- regressing phase
- short transition phase
- club hair - hair follicle get attached to hair shaft
15
Q
what is telogen phase?
A
- resting or quiescent phase
- telogen effluvium
- club hair is final product
16
Q
what is first stage of acne?
A
- early acne
- skin cells become more sticky as they shed
- sebum production is increased
- bacteria P. acnes resides in the pores
17
Q
what is second stage of acne
A
- there is closed and open
- closed comedone (whitehead)
- open comedone (blackhead)
- build up of the corneocytes
- corneocytes are sebum and sloughed skin cells
- inflammation develops around the cells surrounding the pores
18
Q
what is the third stage of acne?
A
- pimple or acne
- build up of the corneocytes can pressure on the cells surrounding the pore
- sides of the pore rupture and the material leaks into the skin
- the skin gets infected by the bacteria
- forms red bump called inflammatory papule
19
Q
what is the fourth stage of acne?
A
- there are white blood cells
- the immune system fights off the infection
- cause pile up of pus in the pore
20
Q
what is the fifth stage of acne?
A
- infection spreads wider and deeper
- cause scarring and formation of nodules of cyst
21
Q
what are the clinical features of acne?
A
- whiteheads
- blackheads
- small red, tender bumps - papules
- pimples
large solid and painful lumps beneath the surface of the skin - pus filled lumps beneath the skin
22
Q
treating mild acne?
A
- topical creams
- retinoids
- oral antibiotics
23
Q
treating severe acne
A
- oral antibiotics
- laser treatments
- photodynamic therapy
- isolaz
24
Q
treating hormonal acne
A
- contraceptive pills
- spironolactone
