Lc 17

Question 1

Mycoplasma spp and ureaplasma spp are what classes?

Answer 1

Mollicutes

Question 2

What are the characteristics of Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma?

Answer 2

No cell wall —> so no response to antibiotics w beta lactams

M.pneumonia is very small

Small genome and smallest free living organism

Don’t realy grow well on culture

Question 3

How is the growth and cultivation of Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma?

Answer 3

Fastidious (need rich medium and serum)
Very tiny colonies
Aerobic or anaerobic
M.hominis & Ureaplasma grows for 2-4 days
M.pneumonia grows for several weeks

Question 4

What are the name of the infection of M.pneumoniae?

Answer 4

Tracheobronchitis and pneumonia

And it is recurrent infection

Question 5

What are the characteristics of m.pneumoniae?

Answer 5

Recurrent infections
Typically 5-17yo gets infected but all ages at risk.
Asthma exacerbations
Extrapulmonary

Question 6

What infections does extrapulmonary M.pneumonias cause?

Answer 6

Encephalitis,
dermatidites including SJS,
cold agglutinin
hemolytic anemia
Glomeruonephiritis, septic arthritis, pericarditis, myocarditis

Question 7

What is the virulence factor of m.pneumonia?

Answer 7

P1 adhesins
CARDS toxin ( binds surfactant protein A & annexin A2)

Question 8

How do mycoplasma and ureaplasma grow and how are they cultivated?

Answer 8

Fastidious, no single medium
Rich medium + serum
Different nutritional requirements
Detect growth w pH indicator

Find very ting colonies

Question 9

What are some extrapulmonary infections ?

Answer 9

Encephalitis, dermatitis, SJS, cold agglutinin, hemolytic anemia
Glomerulonephiritis, septic arthritis, pericarditis

Question 10

What are some other mycoplasma and ureaplasma spp diseases?

Answer 10

Upper urinary tract infx, non gonococcal urethritis (males: m.genitalia)
Cervicitis, salpingitis, Endometritis, and PID
Post-partum fever

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Congenital/ neonatal infections


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Septic arthritis
Bacteremia
Meningitis, osteomyelitis,wound infx
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Question 11

What are the adhesins and virulence factors of ureaplasma?

Answer 11

IgA protease
Urease —> ammonia production
Multiple adhesins
MB

Question 12

How do we detect ureaplasma and mycoplasma?

Answer 12

PCR, serology(m.pneumonia)

Question 13

How do we treat mycoplasma and ureaplasma.

Answer 13

Use empiric antibiotics ( azithromycin, levo/moxifloxacin )

Oral tetracycline

No Vaccine!!!

Question 14

Explain legionella pneumophila characteristics

Answer 14

Multi organism biofilm growth; water supplies
Living in 80% air conditioning cooling towers

Question 15

How does legionella pneumophila transmit infection to humans?

Answer 15

Transmitted by aerosolized h2o, inhalation.

Invades phagocytes

Question 16

What is legionella’s morphology

Answer 16

Gram negative ( tough to stain)

Grey white colonies

Question 17

Legionella growth and cultivation

Answer 17

Obligate aerobes–>don’t ferment sugar
fastidious, asacharolytic
Energy source: L-cysteine
Need alpha keto glutarate and iron supplementation
Environmental conditions
Need charcoal agent

Question 18

How do we detect L.pneumophila?

Answer 18

Urine antigen testing
(L.pneumophila serogroup only)

Pcr

Report to public health labs

Question 19

How do we acquire l.pneumophila?

Answer 19

You acqire from aerosolized water

Question 20

You get cured of this disease 90% even if you dont have the right antibiotics. True or false?

Answer 20

False. You need right antibiotics

Question 21

L.pneumophila has low attact rate and rare in kids. True or false?

Answer 21

True

Question 22

What is pontiac fever

Answer 22

URI, not pneumonia
High attack rate, non -fatal

Question 23

What is the symptoms of pontiac fever?

Answer 23

Cough, fever

Recovery within 3-5no need medical care

Question 24

What is rhe characteristic of non- L.pneumophila pathology?

Answer 24

-Opportunistic respiratory infections
-Extrapulmonary
Endocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis

Question 25

How do you treat L.pneumophila?

Answer 25

1st: Azithromycin
2nd: doxycycline or erythromycin

Question 26

What antiviotics are used to treat severe l.pneumophila?

Answer 26

1st azithromycin or levofloxacin

2nd ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, clarithromycin

Question 27

What are the adhesins and virulence factors?

Answer 27

Adhesins : type 5 pili, major OMP( porin )

Degradation enzymes, lipid A modification

Type VI secretion system:
Entry into host cells
hijacks phahosomes —> LCV

Siderophore and iron acquisition

Question 28

Explain Dot/Icm TIVSS

Answer 28

Injects over 300 effector proteins
Modulates many host cell function
Complex OM & IM
Important theme for bacteria secretion systems

Question 29

How do we prevent L.pneumophila?

Answer 29

No vaccine
Need water treatment
Report cases to public health labs