Lc 17 Flashcards
Mycoplasma spp and ureaplasma spp are what classes?
Mollicutes
What are the characteristics of Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma?
No cell wall —> so no response to antibiotics w beta lactams
M.pneumonia is very small
Small genome and smallest free living organism
Don’t realy grow well on culture
How is the growth and cultivation of Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma?
Fastidious (need rich medium and serum)
Very tiny colonies
Aerobic or anaerobic
M.hominis & Ureaplasma grows for 2-4 days
M.pneumonia grows for several weeks
What are the name of the infection of M.pneumoniae?
Tracheobronchitis and pneumonia
And it is recurrent infection
What are the characteristics of m.pneumoniae?
Recurrent infections
Typically 5-17yo gets infected but all ages at risk.
Asthma exacerbations
Extrapulmonary
What infections does extrapulmonary M.pneumonias cause?
Encephalitis,
dermatidites including SJS,
cold agglutinin
hemolytic anemia
Glomeruonephiritis, septic arthritis, pericarditis, myocarditis
What is the virulence factor of m.pneumonia?
P1 adhesins
CARDS toxin ( binds surfactant protein A & annexin A2)
How do mycoplasma and ureaplasma grow and how are they cultivated?
Fastidious, no single medium
Rich medium + serum
Different nutritional requirements
Detect growth w pH indicator
Find very ting colonies
What are some extrapulmonary infections ?
Encephalitis, dermatitis, SJS, cold agglutinin, hemolytic anemia
Glomerulonephiritis, septic arthritis, pericarditis
What are some other mycoplasma and ureaplasma spp diseases?
Upper urinary tract infx, non gonococcal urethritis (males: m.genitalia)
Cervicitis, salpingitis, Endometritis, and PID
Post-partum fever
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Congenital/ neonatal infections
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Septic arthritis
Bacteremia
Meningitis, osteomyelitis,wound infx
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What are the adhesins and virulence factors of ureaplasma?
IgA protease
Urease —> ammonia production
Multiple adhesins
MB
How do we detect ureaplasma and mycoplasma?
PCR, serology(m.pneumonia)
How do we treat mycoplasma and ureaplasma.
Use empiric antibiotics ( azithromycin, levo/moxifloxacin )
Oral tetracycline
No Vaccine!!!
Explain legionella pneumophila characteristics
Multi organism biofilm growth; water supplies
Living in 80% air conditioning cooling towers
How does legionella pneumophila transmit infection to humans?
Transmitted by aerosolized h2o, inhalation.
Invades phagocytes
What is legionella’s morphology
Gram negative ( tough to stain)
Grey white colonies
Legionella growth and cultivation
Obligate aerobes–>don’t ferment sugar
fastidious, asacharolytic
Energy source: L-cysteine
Need alpha keto glutarate and iron supplementation
Environmental conditions
Need charcoal agent
How do we detect L.pneumophila?
Urine antigen testing
(L.pneumophila serogroup only)
Pcr
Report to public health labs
How do we acquire l.pneumophila?
You acqire from aerosolized water
You get cured of this disease 90% even if you dont have the right antibiotics. True or false?
False. You need right antibiotics
L.pneumophila has low attact rate and rare in kids. True or false?
True
What is pontiac fever
URI, not pneumonia
High attack rate, non -fatal
What is the symptoms of pontiac fever?
Cough, fever
Recovery within 3-5no need medical care
What is rhe characteristic of non- L.pneumophila pathology?
-Opportunistic respiratory infections
-Extrapulmonary
Endocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis
How do you treat L.pneumophila?
1st: Azithromycin
2nd: doxycycline or erythromycin
What antiviotics are used to treat severe l.pneumophila?
1st azithromycin or levofloxacin
2nd ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, clarithromycin
What are the adhesins and virulence factors?
Adhesins : type 5 pili, major OMP( porin )
Degradation enzymes, lipid A modification
Type VI secretion system:
Entry into host cells
hijacks phahosomes —> LCV
Siderophore and iron acquisition
Explain Dot/Icm TIVSS
Injects over 300 effector proteins
Modulates many host cell function
Complex OM & IM
Important theme for bacteria secretion systems
How do we prevent L.pneumophila?
No vaccine
Need water treatment
Report cases to public health labs
