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Microm442! > Lc 11 > Flashcards

Lc 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Type of staphylococci

A

Gram positive cocci

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2
Q

They grow in _________

A

Clusters

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3
Q

Staph’s characteristics

A

*Non-motile, non-spore forming
* facultative anaerobe

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4
Q

Facultative anaerobe does ____respiration
They do _____without _____

A

Aerobic,fermentation, oxygen

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5
Q

All staphylococci are……
So can differentiate from other gram positive cocci

A

Catalase positive

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6
Q

Is ROS toxic to bacteria?

A

Yes

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7
Q

All Staphylococcus detoxifies ROS.

A

Yes

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8
Q

What is catalase test?

A

Add peroxide(h2o2) to culture,
And if staphylococcus is present , then bubbles will show up

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9
Q

How do you differentiate different species of staphylococcus?

A

phenotype on blood agar ,coagulase test, mannitol fermentation, and rapid diagnostic test

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10
Q

There are two types of things that can be seen on blood agar by different species of staph.
What are they and explain it.

A

Pigment production: s.aureus is gold, s.epidermidis is white

Hemolysis: s. Aureus is beta-hemolytic and s.epidermid is is gamma hemolytic

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11
Q

Explain two types of coagulase in staph.

A

Surface bound and extracellular and they both contribute
to blood clotting

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12
Q

Coagulase slide test:
one with 듬성듬성 clots—> ?
one with opaque stain —>?

Tube test:

Liquid —>?
Clot—>?

A

Slide test : +,-
Tube test : -,+

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13
Q

Most staph species are coagulase negative except for…

A

S.aureus and S.argenteus

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14
Q

Does staph.aureus ferment mannitol?

A

Yes

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15
Q

What are the selective and differential characteristic features that mannitol salt agar shows for staph.aureus?

A

Selective: all staphylococcus can grow in high concentrations of salt.

Differential: differentiate by color ( gold) —> pH indicator( phenol red) will turn gold

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16
Q

Why is stph.aureus yellow in blood agar ?
And is that a virulence factor?

A

Due to staphyloxanthin, and yes it is virulence factor.

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17
Q

What is the main colonization area of s. Aureus?

A

Anterior nares ( nose picking area)

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18
Q

What are the virulence factors of s.aureus?

A

Adhesins, invasins, immune evasion, miscellaneous toxins,

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19
Q

Name three types of adhesins and their subtypes

A

MSCRAMM ( protein A) - surface bound , host attachment factor —> vWFplatelets

SERAM (Eap) - secretable adhesive molecule, host attachment factor —> fibrinogen, fibronectin

Teichoic acid

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20
Q

What does invasins do and name three components of invasins and their types

A

Invasins lyse cells and promote spread

Cytolytic toxic :pore forming
-hemolysins ( lyse erythrocytes and other mammalian cells), Panton Valentine Leukocidin ( lyse neutrophils and macrophages)

Exoenzymes : spreading
Degrade host cell components

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21
Q

Name three types of immune evasion and their functions

A

Protein A - impair phagocytosis ( binds to Fc portion of antibodies impairing phagocytosis)

Staphyloxanthin, catalase- detoxify reactive oxygen species

Hemolysins( alpha), panton valentine leukocidin - lyse immune cells or inhibit cell migration and recruitment

22
Q

Name three types of miscellaneous toxins and their functions

A

Exfoliative toxins( ETA)

Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST)- ex. Superantigens

Staphylococcal enterotoxins ( SEA, B, C, D E, G, H, I ) - ex. Superantigens

23
Q

What are the three s.aureus infections?

A

Cutaneous, systemic, toxigenic

24
Q

Rank severity of cutaneous infection from lowest to highest.

A

Superficial folliculitis, deep folliculitis, furuncle, carbuncle

25
Q

Describe folliculitis

A

Superficial infection of hair follicles.

Clusters of small red bumps

26
Q

Non bullous impetigo

A

Superficial skin infection!

Honey colored bubble like epidermal swelling

27
Q

Explain furuncle( boil)

A

Skin abscess with pus

28
Q

Explain carbuncle

A

Aggregate of connected furuncles.

Several pustular openings

29
Q

List systemic infections

A

Bacteremia, septic arthritis, infective endocarditis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia

30
Q

What kind of infection is bacteremia? What is its characteristic?

A

Bloodstream infection, incidence increases w age with high mortality rate

31
Q

Septic arthritis what kind of infection + function

A

Infection of joint cavity causing inflammation, swollen joints

32
Q

Explain infective endocarditis +function

A

Infection of endocardium ( lining of heart chamber , valve)

Heart disease, flu like symptoms

33
Q

Explain osteomyelitis +function

A

Infection of bone or bone marrow, mainly in children , common site is metaphysis of long bone,

34
Q

Explain pneumonia +function

A

Infection of the lungs, community acquired: aspiration
Hospital acquired:mechanically ventilated patients
PV leukocidin

35
Q

List toxigenic diseases

A

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, bullous impetigo, toxic shock syndrome, staphylococcal food poisoning

36
Q

Explain ssss + characteristics

A

Affects newborns,exfoliative toxins that cause epidermal- dermal separation ( desquamation)

37
Q

Explain bullous impetigo + characteristics

A

Localized form of ssss, exfoliative toxin ETA, fluid filled vesicles and blisters ( bullae)

38
Q

Explain TSS, + characteristics

A

Menstrual TSS- s.aureus multiplies in tampons , TSST-1 absorbed and enters bloodstream,

Nonmenstrual TSS- most cases in women (75%)

39
Q

Staphylococcal food poisoning ( SFP) + characteristics

A

Food borne disease, staphylococcal enterotoxins,— > resistant to heat, acid

40
Q

Explain coagulase negative staph.

A

Do not ferment mannitol, majority isolates gamma hemolytic

41
Q

Is coNS important nosocomial pathogen?
Also what does commensal—> pathogens infection called?

A

Yes, opportunistic infections

42
Q

Name all the virulence factors of s.epidermidis

A

Adhesins, accumulation factors( biolfilm formation), exoenzymes, immune escape

43
Q

What are the types of adhesins in s. Epidermidis?

A

Hydrophobic surfaces( polystyrene), host matrix proteins ( MSCRAMMs)

44
Q

Types of accumulation factors

A

Exopolysaccharide ( PIA), accumulation associated protein ( Aap)

45
Q

List two exoenzymes

A

Lipase, protease

46
Q

Is s.epidermidis the most common species in cons infections?

A

Yes

47
Q

What are some other CoNs s?

A

S.haemolyticus, S.saprophyricus, S.lugdunensis

48
Q

S.haemolyticus characteristics

A

Virulence factor: cytotoxin ( hemolysin)

Highest level of anitbiotics resistance among the coNs

49
Q

S.saprophyticus. Characteristics

A

Important UTI pathogens

Virulence factors: enzyme ( urease) urease hydrolysis

50
Q

S.lugdunensis characteristic

A

Severe infections similar to S.aureus

Virulence factor: s.lugdunensis synergistic hemolysins ( SLUSH)

Infections: infective endocarditis

Microm442! (8 decks)

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