Layout and Directions Flashcards
What are the major divisions of the nervous system?
Peripheral Nervous system and Central Nervous system
What does the peripheral nevous system include?
Somatic and Autonomic nervous system
What does the somatic nervous system do?
External. Afferent nerves carry sensory signals in from skin, skeletal muscles and joints
Efferent nerves carry motor signals from the CNS out.
What does the autonomic nervous system do?
Internal.
Afferent nerves carry sensory signals from internal organs.
Efferent nerves carry motor signals from CNS to internal organs.
What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves?
Sympathetic: mobilize energy in threatening situations
Parasympathetic: act to conserve energy
What is autonomic tone?
How much of each system is used (somatic/autonomic)
What are clusters of cell bodies and bundles of axons called in the PNS?
Ganglion (cell bodies)
Nerves (bundle of axons)
What is included in the central nervous system?
Brain and spinal cord.
Describe the spinal cord layout.
H shaped core of gray matter: cell bodies and unmyelinated axons
Surrounding gray matter: myelinated axons
What are the terms for neuroanatomical directions?
Rostral (front), dorsal(top), caudal(behind), ventral(bottom).
When lying down, dorsal becomes back, ventral becomes chest.
Anterior is towards head, posterior towards feet. Or front/back.
What are the 3 directional terms for brain cross sections?
Coronal (crown), sagittal (arrow), horizontal (horizon)
What are the laterality terms?
Unilateral (1 side)
Bilateral (both sides)
Ipslateral (on the same side)
Contralateral (opposite sides)
