Cells and Neurotransmitters

Question 1

What are the 2 types of cells within the nervous system

Answer 1

Glial cells and neurons

Question 2

What are neurons

Answer 2

Electrically conductive, take infor from brain and move it around

Question 3

What are glia

Answer 3

protect neurons by giving structure

Question 4

What are the 3 mechanisms that help molectular transport?

Answer 4

Passive diffusion (fat soluble molecules)

Facilitated diffusion through channels

Active transport

Question 5

What is resting membrane potential

Answer 5

The inside of cell is negative, outside is more positive

More sodium moves out and less potassium moves in, making outside more positive and inside more negative

Question 6

Action potential steps

Answer 6

If the charge exceeds -55mV, neuron fires action potential

1. Na+ channels open and enter cell, making cell more positive (Marks rising phase)
2. K+ channels open and leave cell
3. Na+ channels close, cell peaks at positive voltage (Marks repolarization phase)

4.K+ channels close, cell returns to initial charge (Marks hyperpolarization phase)

Question 7

What do action potentials do?

Answer 7

Cause nearby cells to send action potentials, traveling quickly on myelinated axons

Initial charge caused by stimulus in sensory cell or by inputs of other neurons

Terminal button at end of axon, allowing neurotransmitters to be released into synapse

Question 8

What is a synapse?

Answer 8

Small active gap between neurons

Presynaptic (send), postsynaptic (recieve)

Postsynaptic neurons have receptors that fit with specific neurons

Question 9

What is the general role of neurotransmitters

Answer 9

Binding to corresponding receptors and push the charge of postsynaptic cells up or down

Question 10

How are NTs removed

Answer 10

diffuse away, broken down by enzymes, reuptaken by presynaptic neurons

Question 11

3 Types of NTs

Answer 11

Excitatory: making neuron more likely to fire AP

Inhibitory: making neuron less likely to fire AP

Modulatory: trigger other changes

Question 12

Agonist?

Answer 12

Turns on receptors and activates it effects

Question 13

Antagonist?

Answer 13

Block receptors from being turned on

Question 14

Reuptake inhibitors

Answer 14

blocks NT clean up, allowing NTs to have more chance to bind to receptors

Question 15

Oligodendroglia

Answer 15

Wraps aroud neurons in CNS, and forms myelin sheaths per cell

Question 16

Schwann cells

Answer 16

type of glia

wraps around axons in PNS, forming 1 myelin sheath per cell

Question 17

Microglia

Answer 17

respond to injury/disease, eating debris and triggering immune response