Layering and Division Terms

Question 1

Air Layering (Marcottage)

Answer 1

• a portion of the above ground stem is girdled and covered with a rooting substrate (sphagnum moss in a polyethylene covering). The girdled portion of the stem roots
• plants propagated by these methods:
  • several woody and herbaceous plants, especially tropical plants
  • ex: citrus, croton, dracaena, ficus

Question 2

Compound Layering

Answer 2

• a type of layering in which the entire horizontal shoot is covered with rooting media
• a branch with numerous nodes is laid horizontally and covered with soil. shoots develop from each node. roots can form on teh new shoots or the buried node
• plants propagaed by these methods:
  
  • several woody shrubs as well as woody and herbaceous vines
  • ex: grape, wisteria, pathos

Question 3

Crown Division

Answer 3

• a method of propagation in which he crown of a plant (usually an herbaceous perennial) is seprated into parts with stem and rot material attached

Question 4

Drop Layering

Answer 4

• a modification of mound layering where the plants are grown in double-stacked containers rather than in the field
• plants propagated by these methods:
  
  • some woody shrubs
  • ex: barberry, boxwood, rhododendron

Question 5

Girdling

Answer 5

• removing a strip of bark completely around the stem. width is generally 3 to 4 times wider thanthe branch diameter.
• completely removing phloem and cambium
• wounding

Question 6

Layer or Layering

Answer 6

• a system of vegetative propagation where stems are rooted while still attached to the source plant

Question 7

Mound Layering

(Stool Layering)

(Stooling)

Answer 7

• shoots are cut bac to the ground and soil or rooting substrate (sawdust) is mounded around them to stimulate roots to develop at their bases
• plants propagated by these methods:
  • woody trees and shrubs
  • especially fruit tree rootstocks
  • ex: apple, cherry, quince, mulberry, walnut

Question 8

Pot Layering

Answer 8

• a type of air layering
• only instead of useing sphagnum moss in a molyethylene covering, you use a pot with a slit or hole in the side for the branch to go through.
• because not enclosed, at more of a risk of desication.
• but when layer is separated, have an already potted plant!

Question 9

Runner

Answer 9

• a natural form of layering in which a specialized stem grows laterally from the crown of the plant and takes root at alternate (or other) nodes to produce a new plant that provides for vegetative expansion of the original plant
• ex: strawberry

Question 10

Serpentine Layering

Answer 10

• similar to compound layering except that each alternating node is covered with soil, leaving one node to root and the other node to develop a new shoot above ground
• plants propagated by these methods:
  • several woody shrubs as well as woody and herbaceous vines
  • ex: grape, wisteria, clematis, philodendron, pathos

Question 11

Simple Layering

Answer 11

• an intact shoot is bent to the ground and a single protion of the stem between the base and shoot tip is covered with soil or rooting medium so that adventitious roots form
• plants propagated by these methods:
  • numerous tropical and temperate shrubs and some trees
  • ex: hazelnut, viburnum, forsythia, brambles

Question 12

Stolon

Answer 12

• a specialized underground stem that grows laterally from the crown of the plant to produce either another plant or a tuber

Question 13

Stool Shoots

Answer 13

• stooling produces stool shoots, whereas other layering techniques produce ‘layers’

Question 14

Sucker

Answer 14

• shoots that develop from undeground roots or shoots. in most cases, these arise from roots

Question 15

Tip Layering

Answer 15

• a form of natural layering in which the stem tip of soe species of Rhubus form roots when inserted into the soil

Question 16

Trench Layering

Answer 16

• the initial stem used to establish the layering stem is laid horizontally in a trench. shoots develop form nodes along the stem that are then covered with mounded rooting substrate (sawdust) similar to mound layering
• plants propagated by these methods:
  • woody trees and shrubs that are difficult to establish from mound layers b/c too much apical dominance
  • ex: apple, cherry, quince, mulberry, walnut

Question 17

Watersprouts

Answer 17

• a term given to a shoot emerging from a latent bbud on the crown or trunk of a tree