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GI Exam 2 > Lax Pharm > Flashcards

Lax Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Name and describe the 3 types of primary constipation.

A
  1. Dyssynergic Defecation: pelvic floor muscle coordination loss
  2. Slow Transit: impaired peristalsis and GI reflexes
  3. Normal Transit: hard stool and perception of constipation
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2
Q

What is a Sitz marker study?

A

Patient ingests a capsule with 24 metal markers. The patient is then X-rayed periodically over the course of 5 days to measure peristaltic activity in the GI tract.

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3
Q

Methylcellulose

A

MOA: Bulk forming laxative (allows stool to retain more water)

Use: constipation

Contraindicated: pts. with PKU

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4
Q

Calcium Polycarbophil

A

MOA: Bulk forming laxative (allows stool to retain more water)

Use: constipation

Drug Interactions: anticoagulants, diuretics, antibiotics

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5
Q

Psyllium

A

MOA: Bulk forming laxative (allows stool to retain more water)

Use: constipation

Adverse Effects: bronchospasm

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6
Q

Magnesium Citrate

A

MOA: Osmotic diuretic, prevents absorption of ions in the GI tract to increases lumen osmolarity

Use: constipation

Contraindication: Chronic kidney disease or renal failure

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7
Q

Sodium Phosphate

A

MOA: Osmotic diuretic, prevents absorption of ions in the GI tract to increases lumen osmolarity

Use: constipation

Adverse Effects: acute phosphate neuropathy

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8
Q

Lactulose

A

MOA: synthetic sugar that cannot be absorbed by the GI tract to increase GI lumen osmolarity

Use: constipation

Adverse Effects: abdominal cramps, bloating

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9
Q

Polyethylene Glycol

A

MOA: osmotic laxative

Use: constipation

Adverse Effects: abdominal bloating, cramping

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10
Q

Senna

A

MOA: contains anthraquinone derivatives which irritate and stimulate the smooth muscle of the GI tract increase peristalsis.

Use: constipation

Adverse Effects: hypokalemia and protein malabsorption

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11
Q

Bisacodyl

A

MOA: stimulates peristalsis in the GI tract

Use: constipation

Adverse Effects: hypokalemia and protein malabsorption

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12
Q

Emollient

A

MOA: retains water in the intestinal lumen and lubricates the mucosa

Use: constipation

Adverse Effects: vomiting with aspiration of lipids leading to lipid pneumonitis

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13
Q

Lubiprostone

A

MOA: increases chloride channel activation and secretion of water into the intestines.

Use: constipation

Adverse Effects: nausea

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14
Q

Linaclotide

A

MOA: activates guanylate cyclase C, stimulates cGMP and stimulates intestinal secretion and motility

Use: constipation

Contraindication: peds patients under 6 years

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15
Q

Methylnaltrexone

A

MOA: selective opioid receptor antagonist used for opioid-induced constipation

Use: constipation

Contraindications: GI obstruction

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16
Q

How is clindamycin associated with diarrhea?

A

Most common antibiotic associated with overgrowth of C. diff

17
Q

Bismuth Subsalicylate

A

MOA: anti-secretory in intestines and antimicrobial

Use: traveler’s diarrhea

Contraindications: do not use in patients with flu or chicken pox due to risk of Reye Syndrome

18
Q

Loperamide

A

MOA: opioid agonist, slows peristalsis

Use: diarrhea (acute and chronic)

Contraindications: risk of toxic megacolon in AIDS patients.

19
Q

Lomotil (Diphenoxylate + Atropine)

A

MOA:
Diphenoxylate-opioid agonist, inhibits excessive GI motility and secretion
Atropine-prevents abuse of the drug

Use: diarrhea

Adverse Effects: opioid withdrawal effects when removed (tachycardia, confusion, depression, dizziness, drowsiness, euphoria, flushing, headache), can lead to abuse

20
Q

Motofen (Difenoxin + Atropine)

A

MOA:
Difenoxin-opioid agonist, inhibits excessive GI motility and secretion
Atropine-prevents abuse of the drug

Use: diarrhea, IBS, hyperhidrosis

Adverse Effects: CNS depression, dizziness, drowsiness, lightheadedness, headache, nausea, vomiting

21
Q

Opium

A

MOA: binds opioid receptors to suppress GI secretions and motility

Use: diarrhea

Adverse Effects: CNS depression, palpitation, dizziness, drowsiness, constipation

22
Q

Colesevelam

A

MOA: binds bile intestinal bile acids

Use: bile acid diarrhea, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus type 2

Contraindications: biliary or bowel obstruction

23
Q

Octreotide

A

MOA: somatostatin analog used to inhibit intestinal motility

Use: diarrhea caused by: HIV, chemo, diabetes, hormone secreting tumors

GI Exam 2 (11 decks)

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