Histo: Intestines, Liver, etc.

Question 1

What are Kerckring Folds?

Answer 1

Permanent transverse folds that contain a core of submucosa. They cover about 2/3 the circumference of the lumen of the small intestine

Question 2

What is contained in a villus in the small intestines?

Answer 2

All 3 types of vessels (artery, vein, lymph)

• only made of mucosa, there is no submucosa core
• AV shunts
• Central lacteal (collects lymph)

Question 3

What are Peyer Patches?

Answer 3

Aggregations of lymph follicles contained between glands in the lamina propria.

Question 4

Name the 6 cell types in the small intestine epithelium and the function of each.

Answer 4

1. Enterocyte: absorption of nutrients
2. Goblet: mucous secreting gland
3. Enteroendocrine: release hormones
4. Stem: form any type of intestinal cell
5. Paneth: secrete anti-microbial substances
6. M (microfold): modified enterocytes (peyer patches) with lymphatic function

Question 5

Where are stem cells located in the intestinal epithelium?

Answer 5

At the base of the glands. The older enterocytes are located at the apex of the villus.

Question 6

Mucous secreting gland of the submucosa of the small intestines.

Answer 6

Brunner Gland

Question 7

The large intestine mucosal layer has 5 of the cell types that are found in the small intestine. Which one is missing?

Answer 7

Paneth Cells

Question 8

What are the 3 zones of the anal canal?

Answer 8

Colorectal Zone: similar mucosa to the colon and rectum with simple columnar cells

Transition Zone: simple squamous or cuboidal epithelium

Squamous Zone: lightly keratinized skin

Question 9

Hepatic lobules contain 1-cell thick sinusoids that surround a central vein with several portal triads. What 4 things are in a portal triad?

Answer 9

1. Hepatic Artery
2. Portal Vein
3. Bile Duct
4. Lymph vessel

Question 10

Where are the Perisinusoidal (Ito) cells and what are there 3 functions?

Answer 10

Reside in the hepatic lamellae.

1. Secrete Lamella matrix
2. Store Vit. A in lipid droplets
3. Source of growth factors for liver regeneration

Question 11

What are Kupffer Cells?

Answer 11

Hepatic Macrophages that clean up debris and break down RBCs.

Question 12

What is the space of Disse?

Answer 12

The gap between the hepatocytes and the sinusoid epithelium.

Question 13

Each hepatic lobule is divided into acinar regions with 3 zones. Describe each zone.

Answer 13

Zone 1: closest to hepatic artery and portal vein so it is least susceptible to hypoxia but most susceptible to toxins.

Zone 2: intermediate zone

Zone 3: Opposite of zone 1, furthest from blood supply. Located in the center of the lobule.

Question 14

What type of necrosis can occur in the liver with cardiac pathology?

Answer 14

Central Lobule necrosis: cell death in zone 3 of a hepatic acinus.

Question 15

Which liver cells secrete bile?

Answer 15

Hepatocytes

Question 16

Name the order of the flow of bile from the hepatocytes to the lumen of the duodenum.

Answer 16

1. Hepatocytes secrete bile
2. It enters INTRAlobular ductules (Hering canals)
3. INTRAlobular ductules joint to form INTERlobular ducts.
4. INTERlobular ducts form left and right hepatic ducts
5. Left and right join to form the common hepatic duct which joins the cystic duct from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct
6. Common bile duct dumps bile into the duodenum thru the ampulla of vater

Question 17

Type of epithelium in the gallbladder mucosa.

Answer 17

Simple columnar epithelium.

Question 18

What two layers are lacking in the gallbladder?

Answer 18

1. Muscularis mucosa

2. Submucosa

Question 19

Name of the endocrine functional unit of the pancreas.

Answer 19

Islets of Langerhans

Question 20

Type of glands in the exocrine part of the pancreas.

Answer 20

Serous gland
(similar to salivary glands)