Law of Medicine - Class test Flashcards
What is required to classify a murder as “euthanasia kill”?
A. Long lasting illness
B. Compassion
C. Any pain
D. Being close to the victim
E. All are correct
Answer: E. All are correct. According to Article 157 of the Polish Penal Code, euthanasia murder is defined as “the intentional killing of a person in order to alleviate his/her suffering caused by a long lasting illness, or any kind of physical or mental pain”. Additionally, Polish medical law states that the person committing the act must be close to the victim, and must act out of compassion in order to be charged with euthanasia murder. Therefore, all of the given answers are correct.
What mandatory data must be included on all individual (internal and external) medical records?
1) Identification of the health care provider
2) Identification of there patient
3) Identification of the medical professional rendering medical services to the patient
4) Information on patient’s health condition
A. None of the above
B. Only 2
C. All answers are correct
D. 2 and 4
E. 1, 2, and 3
Answer: C. All answers are correct.
According to Article 134 of the Polish Act on Medical Activity, all medical records must include the identification of the healthcare provider and the medical professional rendering services, identification of the patient, and information on the patient’s health condition. Additionally, Article 36 of the same Act outlines that records of individual medical care must cover all aspects of the medical care delivered, including procedures, opinions and assessments, and the treatments rendered. Furthermore, Article 22 of the Act dictates that medical documentation must meet the legal requirements set forth by the Act and must include the aforementioned details. Therefore, all answers are correct.
For what type(s) of medical services are you required by law to obtain a written consent from the patient?
a. For surgeries and procedures generating increased risk to the patient
b. For all medical services
c. For simple procedures, surgeries, and procedures generating increased risk to the patient
d. Only for procedures generating increased risk to
the patient
e. Only for surgeries
Answer: C. For simple procedures, surgeries, and procedures generating increased risk to the patient.
Maybe a, because you call simple procedures risk free procedures.
According to Section 20 of Article 10 of the Law of Patient’s Rights of 2006, “Each patient has the right to give written, dated and signed consent to medical service or procedure, except for such services and procedures which do not involve a significant risk or have negligible impact or no impact on the state of health or on the mental or physical development of the patient, characterized by simple and unambiguous protocol.” Thus, for simple procedures, surgeries, and procedures generating increased risk to the patient, written consent must be obtained from the patient by law.
When does the obligation to maintain confidentiality does not apply?
1) When the disclosure of confidential information is necessary to provide healthcare to the patient by other medical professionals
2) When maintaining confidentiality may endanger the life or health of the patient or other people
3) When patient or their legal representative consents to the disclosure of the confidential information
4) When separate statues provide so
a. 1, 2, 3, and 4
b. 1, 2 and 3
c. 2 and 3
d. Only 2
e. Only 2
Answer: b. 1, 2 and 3
According to the Polish Medical Law, health professionals have an obligation of confidentiality. This obligation applies when providing healthcare to the patient. However, there are some exceptions when the obligation does not apply. The exceptions are when the disclosure of confidential information is necessary to provide healthcare to the patient by other medical professionals (1), when maintaining confidentiality may endanger the life or health of the patient or other people (2) and when patient or their legal representative consents to the disclosure of the confidential information (3). Separate statues do not provide so (4). Therefore, the correct answer is b. 1, 2 and 3.
Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5463448/
The paramedic can declare the death and issue the death card:
a. when is called to an accident or sudden illness;
b. when a doctor lives more than 4 km from the place in which body is located, or because of an illness or other justified circumstances the body examination cannot be carried out in less than 12 hours from the calling;
c. only after personal examination of the body made by the doctor;
d. the paramedic never can issue the death card;
e. answers a, b and c are correct.
The correct answer is d) the paramedic never can issue the death card.
According to the Polish Ministry of Health, only a doctor can issue a death card after examination of the body, the paramedic can only report the death to the doctor and can’t issue the death card. The death card is a legal document that confirms the death and it is only issued by a doctor after a personal examination of the body.
How is the physician obliged to practice their profession:
a. In accordance with the current medical knowledge
b. In accordance with methods and means available to them for preventing, diagnosing and treating diseases
c. In accordance with the principles professional ethics
d. All of the answers are correct
e. with due diligence
Answer: d. All of the answers are correct.
In accordance with Polish medical law, physicians are obliged to practice their profession in accordance with the current medical knowledge, in accordance with methods and means available to them for preventing, diagnosing and treating diseases, and in accordance with the principles of professional ethics. Additionally, Polish medical law also states that physicians must practice their profession with due diligence and professionalism. This information can be found in the Medical Law of Poland, specifically in Articles 2 and 8.
What is considered a grievous bodily harm?
a. Depriving someone of their senses
b. Depriving someone of the ability to procreate
c. Inflicting a crippling injury or prolonged illness
d. Causing someone to permanently lose the capacity to perform their profession
e. All answers are correct
Answer: e. All answers are correct.
According to Article 156 of the Polish Penal Code, grievous bodily harm (in Polish: “ciężkie uszkodzenie ciała”) includes depriving someone of their senses, depriving someone of the ability to procreate, inflicting a crippling injury or prolonged illness, and causing someone to permanently lose the capacity to perform their profession.
In what situation is abortion legal in Poland (in December 2022)?
a. Real danger to mother’s life or health
b. Real danger of incurable illness of the fetus
c. Real danger of fetus’ lethal defect
d. The pregnancy is a result of not in-marriage sex
e. All are correct
Answer: A. Real danger to mother’s life or health.
According to the 2019 Abortion Law in Poland, abortion is legal in the case of real danger to the mother’s life or health. This includes physical, mental, and social conditions (Article 3, 4). The other four options are not allowed under the law. For example, pregnancies resulting from not in-marriage sex (option D) or real danger of incurable illness of the fetus (option B) are not accepted reasons for an abortion.
Source: https://conventions.coe.int/treaty/en/treaties/html/168.htm
The doctor is obligated to inform the police or the prosecutor in case of:
a. he suspects that the patient is a victim of domestic violence;
b. he suspects that the patient is a rape victim;
c. the patient is suffering from an infectious disease that can spread through sexual contact;
d. the patient was injured while he was in the state of insobriety;
e. answers a,b and c are correct.
Answer: e. Answers a, b, and c are correct.
According to Polish Medical Law, Article 151 “Doctors shall report to police or prosecutor’s office when they are aware of circumstances which indicate a crime or misdemeanour.” This includes cases of suspected or confirmed domestic violence or rape, as well as the spread of an infectious disease through sexual contact which could infect other people. In addition, doctors are also obligated to inform the police or prosecutor if a patient was injured while in a state of insobriety.
What elements must be included in a negligence complaint?
a. Physician’s duty of care towards patient
b. All answers are correct
c. Breach of the duty of care by the physician when treating the patient
d. Damages the patient suffered from the breach of duty by the physician
e. Causal connection between the physician’s breach of duty of care and the patient’s injury
The correct answer is b. “All answers are correct”. In Poland, since 2018, any statistics of a medical negligence case must include the physician’s duty of care towards patient, the breach of the duty of care by the physician, the damages the patient has suffered, and the causal connection between the physician’s breach of duty and the patient’s injury. This information can be found in the Medical Responsibility Act of June 20th 2018 (https://dziennikustaw.gov.pl/du/2018/1157/).
