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BTC 3/24 - Law 2 > Law 2 - Holding > Flashcards

Law 2 - Holding Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the ICAO definition of a holding fix? (1)

A

A geographical location that serves as a
reference for a holding procedure

(ICAO PANS ATM (Doc 4444))

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2
Q

What is the definition of a holding procedure? (1)

A

A predetermined manoeuvre which keeps an aircraft within a specified airspace while awaiting further clearance

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3
Q

ACC Controllers may instruct an aircraft to hold along ATS routes or within defined Controlled airspace. True or False?

A

True

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4
Q

Reasons for Holding aircraft? (3)

A
  1. Weather
  2. Traffic Management
  3. Accident at airfeld. etc.
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5
Q

Standard holding pattern diagram

A
  1. One minute per part of a leg
  2. This hold is 4 mins

(Right hand shown, left hand symmetrical)

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6
Q

where may a holding fix be placed? (2)

A
  1. May be over a point source nav-aid
  2. Defined as an intersection of VOR radials or as a VOR/DME position
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7
Q

What does a holding axis need?
Where can it be placed? (2)

A
  1. Required inbound track to the holding fix
  2. VOR radials > Axis must lie on
    one of the radials (may be orientated towards or away)
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8
Q

What are the specifications of a holding pattern - turn? (2)

A
  1. Turns made at Rate 1 (3°/sec) or with 25° of bank
  2. Aircraft holding >170kts may turn at less than 3°/sec
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9
Q

Holding speeds diagram

A

Speeds are in “IAS”

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10
Q

What are the aircraft approach category speeds? (5)

A
  • Cat A - <91 kts IAS
  • Cat B - 91-120 kts IAS
  • Cat C - 121-140 kts IAS
  • Cat D - 141-165 kts IAS
  • Cat E - 166-210 kts IAS
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11
Q

What is VaT? (1)

A

Velocity at Threshold

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12
Q

What is the speed for VaT? (1)

A

1.3x the stalling speed (maximum certificated landing MASS)

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13
Q

What duration is the outbound leg? (2)

A

1 minute

1½ above 14,000ft

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14
Q

When does time commence on an outbound leg? (2)

A
  1. Abeam the fix
  2. Completion of outbound turn

(whichever is later)

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15
Q

Where DME is available, limiting the range for the outbound leg may be specified. True or False?

A

True

A limiting radial may also apply

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16
Q

VOR DME - Holding TOWARDS the station diagram

A
17
Q

VOR DME - Holding AWAY the station diagram

A
18
Q

Entry procedure diagram

A

Remember:

1 2 3
P O D

19
Q

Parallel entry procedure diagram

A
20
Q

Offset entry procedure diagram

A

Offset of 30° from beacon

21
Q

Direct entry procedure diagram

A
22
Q

What other entry methods are available? (3)

A
  1. Along Holding Radial
  2. Via a DME Arc
  3. Via a Secondary Fix
23
Q

What factors may affect a holding pattern? (5)

A
  1. Wind
  2. Speed(rates of turn)
  3. Effect of level (temp and pressure)
  4. Effect of Navigation aid in use
  5. Turbulence
24
Q

Why is there a different distance displayed on an A/C based on their actual position? (1)

A

Slant range

25
Q

Are pilots required to adjust headings and timings to allow the affect of wind? Yes or no

A

Yes

(Must inform ATC if they cannnot comply)

26
Q

When will an aircraft be told of an Expected Approach Time (EAT)? (1)

A

A time at which to expect to leave the hold to commence an instrument approach - 10 minutes or more

27
Q

What is an Expected onward Clearance time? (1)

A

Time to leave the hold to continue enroute

28
Q

What will a pilot do when told a specified time to leave the hold? (1)

A

Pilot will adjust timing within the pattern to leave at a specified time

29
Q

What is the normal separation from a holding pattern? (1)

A

1. 5 minutes
2. From the flight path of the holding aircraft

30
Q

What should a Holding area provide? (1)

A

Separation from aircraft in the hold from aircraft outside of the holding area

31
Q

Protected area of a holding pattern diagram

A
32
Q

What will ATC need to know with a holding pettern? (1)

A

Be aware of the dimensions of the holding area in order to calculate this

33
Q

What will the Authority calculate & determine with a holding pettern? (1)

A

Which of adjacent holding patterns can be “deemed” as separated

34
Q

Where may VFR aircraft commence VFR holding? (1)

A

VRP’s
Visual Reference Points

35
Q

What do VRP’s do? (1)

A

Assist ATC routing VFR traffic and integrate it with IFR flights

36
Q

What must ATCO’s do with VRP’s outside controlled airspace? (1)

A

ATCOs should not instruct an A/C to hold / route OVER such VRPs

37
Q

What may A/C be told after they are allowed to commence an approach? (1)

A

May be told to orbit until sufficient spacing has been achieved or the pilot reports visual with the aircraft he is following

BTC 3/24 - Law 2 (9 decks)

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