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BTC 3/24 - Law 2 > Law 2 - Flight Rules > Flashcards

Law 2 - Flight Rules Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the flights rules? (2)

A

IFR
VFR

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2
Q

What is IFR? (4)

A

Instrument Flight Rules

  1. Electronic equipment-based navigation.
  2. GPS and other types of equipment.
  3. Can possibly still see out of window.
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3
Q

What is VFR? (4)

A

Visual Flight Rules

Look out of the window.
Use maps and charts to fix location.
Keep out of cloud.

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4
Q

Define Night

A

The hours between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight

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5
Q

Define Civil Twilight

A

Ends in the evening when the centre of the sun’s disc is 6 degrees below the horizon and begins in the morning when the centre of the sun’s disc is 6 degrees above the horizon

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6
Q

What airspaces are Controlled Airspace?

A

Class A,B,C,D,E.

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7
Q

What factors would a Pilot consider which flight rules to fly? (3)

A

Dependant on:

TYPE OF AIRSPACE
WEATHER
PILOT QUALIFICATIONS

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8
Q

Who is responsible for deciding if the VMC permits flight as VFR? (1)

A

The pilot

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9
Q

VMC minima - by day Table diagram

A

TA lower than 10,000ft, Use F100

** VMC minima (Class A) guidence only
*** Prescribed by authority:
Vis not <1500m (fixed wing)
Vis not <800m (helicopter)
140kts< for other traffic / obstacles
Probability of other traffic is low

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10
Q

When shall the ground visibility be used to determine VMC? (3)

A

Flights to / from aerodromes
or
Entering ATZ
or
Traffic circuit in controlled airspace

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11
Q

VMC Minima
Flights at or above 10,000ft AMSL

A

Airspace - A, B, C, D, E, F, G
Visibility - 8KM
Distance From Cloud - H - 1500m
- V - 1000ft

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12
Q

VMC Minima for;
At or Below 10,000ft and Above 3000ft
Or 1000ft above terrain, which ever is higher

A

Airspace - A, B, C, D, E, F, G
Visibility - 5KM
Distance From Cloud:
- H - 1500m
- V - 1000ft

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13
Q

VMC Minima
At or below 3000ft AMSL or 1000ft above terrain, whichever is higher

A

Airspace - A, B, C, D, E
Visibility - 5KM
Distance From Cloud - H - 1500m
- V - 1000ft

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14
Q

If an aircraft is below 3000ft and in controlled airspace what VMC minima is applied?

A

Airspace - A, B, C, D, E
Visibility - 5KM
Distance From Cloud
- H - 1500m
- V - 1000ft

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15
Q

If an aircraft is below 3000ft and in uncontrolled airspace what VMC minima is applied?

A

Airspace - F & G
Visibility - 5KM
Clear of Cloud and with the surface in sight.

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16
Q

In Class F & G in what circumstances can an aircraft reduce its horizontal visibility?

A
  • At or Below 3000ft AMSL
  • in Class F&G
  • Speed of 140kts IAS or less
17
Q

What VMC can a helicopter fly if at or below 3000ft AMSL and in class F & G?

A

If less than 140kts; 1500m visibility and with surface in sight

18
Q

Inside controlled airspace, If the Cloud Ceiling is less than 1500ft OR ground visibility is less than than 5km, what can a VFR flight NOT do? (3)

A
  • Take off or land at an aerodrome within a CTR
  • Enter the ATZ,
  • Aerodrome traffic circuit.
19
Q

For VFR to be permitted at night they shall? (2)

A
  • Flight plan filed when leaving vicinity;
  • Radio communications maintained with ATS when available.
20
Q

What are the conditions for VFR to fly at night? (3)

A
  • Cloud ceiling not less than 1500ft
  • Minimum 5km visibility.
  • Continuous sight of surface when below 3000ft or 1000ft above terrain whichever higher.
21
Q

What are the minimum altitudes for VFR flying at Night? (2)

A
  • Over high terrain areas, at least 2000ft above the highest obstacle located within 8km of the estimated position of the aircraft
  • Elsewhere at a level which is at least 1000ft above the highest obstacle located within 8km of the estimated position of the aircraft
22
Q

When may a pilot choose to fly above a cloud layer?
(VFR at night) (2)

A

In class B C D E F G:

When flying above 3000 ft AMSL or 1000 ft above terrain whichever is higher

23
Q

What considerations should be taken into account when flying VFR at night? (6)

A
  • Destination weather allowing a descent in visual conditions;
  • Lighting conditions below and above the cloud layer;
  • Descending cloud base, if flight below cloud is chosen, thus resulting in terrain clearance being lost;
  • The possibility of flight above the cloud leading to flight between converging cloud layers;
  • The possibility of successfully turning back and returning to an area where continuous sight of surface can be maintained; and
  • The possibilities for the pilot to establish their location at any point of the route to be flown, taking into consideration also the terrain elevation and geographical and man-made obstacles.
24
Q

What level and speeds shall VFR flights not be operated? (2)

A
  • Above FL 195
  • At transonic and supersonic speeds.
25
Q

When must a pilot fly IFR? (2)

A
  1. Airspace is notified Class A.
  2. Meteorological conditions preclude VFR – note differences at night.
26
Q

IFR Cruising Levels

A

West EVENS 180’-359’
East ODD 000’-179’

After FL410, every 2000ft

27
Q

VFR Cruising Flight Levels

A

West EVEN
East ODD

+500 ft on IFR levels

28
Q

What shall an aircraft flying VFR do, if they wish to change to IFR? (2)

A

If a flight plan was submitted, communicate the necessary changes to be effected.

Submit a flight plan to the appropriate ATSU as soon as practicable and obtain a clearance prior to proceeding IFR when in controlled airspace.

29
Q

Who can cancel an IFR flight plan during a flight? (1)

A

Only the pilot

30
Q

What is SVFR? (2)

A

Special Visual Flight Rules

A VFR flight cleared by air traffic control to operate within a control zone in meteorological conditions below VMC

31
Q

What are the Standard Separation for IFR & SVFR flights? (2)

A

IFR with SVFR
SVFR with SVFR

32
Q

What is the Pilots responsibilities flying SVFR? (7)

A
  • Comply with ATC instructions
  • Clear of cloud and the surface in sight and VMC minima
  • Terrain Clearance
  • Licence Limitations
  • Low Flying Rules
  • Avoiding ATZ’s
  • Remain below 140kts IAS
33
Q

What are ATC Responsibilities for SVFR? (4)

A
  • Separation
  • Traffic Integration
  • Route Clearance
  • Weather Appreciation
34
Q

What are the requirements for SVFR for ATC? (3)

A

Ground visibility is not less than:
1. Fixed wing - 1500m
2. Helicopters - not less than 800m

The cloud ceiling is not less than 600ft

35
Q

What are the SVFR requirements for the Pilot? (4)

A
  1. Clear of cloud and with the surface in sight.
  2. The flight visibility is not less:
    - 1500m (Fixed Wing)
    - 800m (Helicopters)
    - Fly at speed of 140kts IAS or less (adequate opportunity)
36
Q

What is the SVFR Speed Limit?

A

140kt IAS

BTC 3/24 - Law 2 (9 decks)

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