later representation of A Flashcards
how was A represented after his death
-continued to inspire literacy and works of art
-politicians looked to him as a model leader
-behaviour of sucessors relfected on A as he was credited with having established the principate
who was emperor from 14-37 AD
-regin characterised by relative sability throughout the empire
-he left the state in a strong position but did comission new buildings to be constructed or continue with the building programme
-showed herediatry rule could be both powerful and succesful
who was emperor from 37 - 41 AD
-caligula
-assainated by own bodyguard and had a rep for cruelty and madness
-rome experinced the crushing downside of hereditary rule throughout his reign
-bankrupted the state thorugh lavish games and took over temples so that his palace could be expanded
who was emperor from 41-54 AD
-Claudius
-nephew of tiberus who had been a sick child
-disabilites meant no one in his family wanted to know him
-highly intelligent
-never assigned important positions in the senate because fo his disability but it was under his regin that the roman emprei expanded and took over britain
who was emepror from 54-68 AD
-Nero
-abolished captial punishement, lowered taxes and allowed slaves to file complaints against their master
-after his mothers death he began to selfindulge and move towards tyranny
-namy roman belive it was he who started the great because he wanted to make room for his planned villa - he balmed christains and tortured them
what was the sebasteion at Aphrodisias
-example of how A image changed after his death
-construction began in 20 AD but was not completed until 60 AD
-made from stone, earth and marble sculpture
-complex was paid for by local nobility and intended to be a declaration of their loyalty to rome
-images of gods, mytholoical heroes and Julio-Claudian emperors - majority of panels celebrated victory over foreign people
what does the panel of Venus on the sebasteion show
-alongisde anchises - her son and ascanius
- in his hand aeneas holds the hand of his son and carries his father on his back
-physical embodiement of romans value pietas
-stresses the role of venus as progenitor of ormes emperors
-priase A ancestors as they are linked to the trojan war and the age of heroes
panel of Nike and A at the sebasteion
-A is naked so that his divinty is stressed - reinforces idea as he is barefoot - only reserbed for gods and heroes
-he and Nike hold armour - in greek and roman culutre it was comman to take the eniemies armour as representatives of spoils of war
-symbolism is similar to what A had in his reign - goddess highlights A military might
-at the bottem their is a prisoner/captive in chains
-botton left is an eagle - symbol of romes power
how does the sebasteion/other imagery show A as a god
-held staus of a god and in the manner of his depiction on the panels
-cameos show him wearing Jupiters aegis - symbolic of the fact that he wished to be viewed as Augustus the god not the man
what is the significance of suetonius ‘ life of augustus
-written in 121 AD
-provides an understanding as to how A public image changed in the century after his dearh and bwt the publication of the biography
what was Suetonius’ life of Augustus
-part of a biographical series of the 12 Caesars which concerns A and his succesors and predecessors
-people believe his was writing honeslty about his reign as he was writing under Hadrian and did not need to fear reprisal for writing critically - hadrian himself attempted to compete with A
who was Suetonius
-biographer basing his works on a range of public documents,letters and biographers as well as hear say
-loved scandalous anecdote
-not fist biographer of A
-merely present his version of A although some present A in a -ve manner he is broadly favourable to A
what does Suetonius say about A as princeps
-‘ruled the sate’ - the verb ‘ruled’ signalled that he believed A played the role of a king or an emperor not a champion of the republic
-states that the security of the state woul dhave been jeopardised if authority were divided so he ‘decided to retain power in his own hands’
-does not believe A resotred the republic in 27 BC
-conclusion - A was the ruler of rome, not the princeps
A as imperator according to suetonius
-some times A condems A behaviour especially refering to the battle of Mutina
-the battle of actium is aid to be a ‘great naval victory’ - alligns with propaganda which described it as being oene of the greatest, most significant and most glorius moment in romes history
-no mention of Agrippas role but he does make clear that most foreign campaigns were led by his generals not A
-he ‘commanded in person only two foregin campaigns’
-involved in fighting at times, and visited the frontlines
-wars against romans are called ‘civil conflicts’ - he makes amends for thus by stating that ‘the motivation for all this warfare was that A considered it his duty to avenge Caesars death’
A as a moral and religous leader according to suetonius
-Leges iuliae was unpopular and difficult to enforce - there were open rebellions and attempts to circumvent the laws, which makes him seem like an ineffective leader
-his daughter and granddaughter were both exiled in accordance with the Leges iuliae beacsue of adultery
-A had respect for religous customs - when lepidus was exiled in 36 BC he was allowed to retain the position of ponitfex maximus until his death
-revived several ancient rites, prevented the corruption of the Vestal Virgins and ‘resorted temples that had fallen into disrepair’
