Late Adulthood

Question 1

According to Erikson, the main psychosocial conflict in late adulthood is:

a) Integrity vs. despair
b) Intimacy vs. isolation
c) Identity vs. role confusion
d) Generativity vs. stagnation

Answer 1

Answer: a) Integrity vs. despair

Question 2

The concept of “integrity” in late adulthood involves:

a) A feeling of regret and missed opportunities
b) Satisfaction with one’s life and achievements
c) Desire to start new careers
d) Avoidance of social relationships

Answer 2

Answer: b) Satisfaction with one’s life and achievements

Question 3

Cognitive abilities in late adulthood are most likely to decline in which area?

a) Verbal reasoning
b) Processing speed and memory recall
c) Vocabulary knowledge
d) Practical problem-solving skills

Answer 3

Answer: b) Processing speed and memory recall

Question 4

Which of the following is a common physical change in late adulthood?

a) Improved immune response
b) Decrease in bone density and muscle mass
c) Increased energy levels
d) Enhanced visual acuity

Answer 4

Answer: b) Decrease in bone density and muscle mass

Question 5

In late adulthood, the “socioemotional selectivity theory” suggests that older adults:

a) Prioritize work over social relationships
b) Focus on meaningful relationships and experiences
c) Seek new friendships to broaden their social network
d) Avoid relationships to maintain independence

Answer 5

Answer: b) Focus on meaningful relationships and experiences

Question 6

Which cognitive ability is most likely to remain stable in late adulthood?

a) Processing speed
b) Working memory
c) Vocabulary and general knowledge
d) Complex multitasking

Answer 6

Answer: c) Vocabulary and general knowledge

Question 7

The term “ageism” refers to:

a) The natural process of aging
b) Stereotyping and discrimination against individuals based on age
c) Physical decline in late adulthood
d) Psychological adaptation to aging

Answer 7

Answer: b) Stereotyping and discrimination against individuals based on age

Question 8

Which of the following factors is associated with a positive aging experience?

a) Social isolation
b) Physical inactivity
c) Maintaining strong social connections
d) Avoiding any form of activity or challenge

Answer 8

Answer: c) Maintaining strong social connections

Question 9

Late adulthood often brings a reevaluation of life priorities known as:

a) Midlife crisis
b) Life review
c) Identity exploration
d) Social disengagement

Answer 9

Answer: b) Life review

Question 10

In late adulthood, a major focus is often on achieving a sense of:

a) Independence
b) Legacy and fulfillment
c) Novelty and risk-taking
d) Immediate gratification

Answer 10

Answer: b) Legacy and fulfillment

Question 11

Which of the following best describes “selective optimization with compensation”?

a) Pursuing all life interests equally
b) Focusing on strengths and adapting to limitations with new strategies
c) Accepting all physical and cognitive decline without resistance
d) Avoiding any compensatory strategies for aging

Answer 11

Answer: b) Focusing on strengths and adapting to limitations with new strategies

Question 12

Emotional well-being in late adulthood is often characterized by:

a) Increased stress and anxiety
b) Emotional stability and focus on positive experiences
c) Isolation and avoidance of social interactions
d) Declining levels of self-esteem

Answer 12

Answer: b) Emotional stability and focus on positive experiences

Question 13

The “continuity theory” in late adulthood suggests that successful aging involves:

a) Avoiding all previous routines
b) Maintaining habits and preferences from earlier in life
c) Rejecting previous lifestyle choices
d) Completely changing one’s personality

Answer 13

Answer: b) Maintaining habits and preferences from earlier in life

Question 14

What is the purpose of life review in late adulthood?

a) Regretting past decisions
b) Planning for future career advancements
c) Reflecting on life experiences to find meaning
d) Focusing only on negative aspects of life

Answer 14

Answer: c) Reflecting on life experiences to find meaning

Question 15

In late adulthood, depression is more likely if an individual:

a) Has a supportive social network
b) Maintains regular physical activity
c) Experiences significant physical decline and isolation
d) Engages in frequent social activities

Answer 15

Answer: c) Experiences significant physical decline and isolation

Question 16

Which of the following is a risk factor for cognitive decline in late adulthood?

a) High levels of education
b) Regular mental stimulation
c) Physical inactivity and social isolation
d) Engaging in community activities

Answer 16

Answer: c) Physical inactivity and social isolation

Question 17

Late adulthood is often accompanied by which type of loss?

a) Only physical loss
b) Losses in physical, social, and sometimes cognitive abilities
c) Exclusively financial loss
d) Gain in physical abilities

Answer 17

Answer: b) Losses in physical, social, and sometimes cognitive abilities

Question 18

Which strategy is associated with reducing the impact of cognitive aging?

a) Relying solely on medications
b) Engaging in regular mental and physical activities
c) Avoiding all challenging tasks
d) Focusing only on familiar routines

Answer 18

Answer: b) Engaging in regular mental and physical activities

Question 19

In late adulthood, spirituality and religious involvement often:

a) Decrease as individuals focus on material concerns
b) Increase, contributing to a sense of peace and purpose
c) Have no impact on psychological well-being
d) Become irrelevant to most individuals

Answer 19

Answer: b) Increase, contributing to a sense of peace and purpose

Question 20

In late adulthood, which of the following describes the most common attitude towards death?

a) Complete denial of mortality
b) Acceptance, with a focus on finding meaning and closure
c) Fear that prevents any life planning
d) Obsession with prolonging life at all costs

Answer 20

Answer: b) Acceptance, with a focus on finding meaning and closure

Question 21

Which of the following is a common cognitive change in late adulthood?

a) Enhanced memory recall
b) Slower processing speeds and decreased working memory
c) Rapid improvement in abstract reasoning
d) Increased focus on future-oriented goals

Answer 21

Answer: b) Slower processing speeds and decreased working memory

Question 22

Which of the following often increases in importance for individuals in late adulthood?

a) Financial achievement
b) Personal relationships and emotional bonds
c) Career growth
d) Long-term physical endurance

Answer 22

Answer: b) Personal relationships and emotional bonds

Question 23

Individuals in late adulthood who focus on generativity are likely to:

a) Withdraw from social activities
b) Continue contributing to family and community
c) Rely solely on younger generations for care
d) Experience high levels of despair

Answer 23

Answer: b) Continue contributing to family and community

Question 24

Which of the following is a predictor of high life satisfaction in late adulthood?

a) Complete independence from family and friends
b) Having strong social support and a sense of purpose
c) Frequent changes in residence
d) Avoiding any form of work or activity

Answer 24

Answer: b) Having strong social support and a sense of purpose

Question 25

Aging successfully in late adulthood often involves:

a) Maintaining physical and social activity levels
b) Avoiding new learning experiences
c) Ignoring health maintenance
d) Relying solely on younger family members for well-being

Answer 25

Answer: a) Maintaining physical and social activity levels

Question 26

In late adulthood, which factor most significantly impacts life expectancy?

a) Frequent social outings
b) A healthy lifestyle, including diet and exercise
c) Strong focus on material wealth
d) Avoidance of all medical care

Answer 26

Answer: b) A healthy lifestyle, including diet and exercise

Question 27

Individuals who successfully achieve “integrity” in late adulthood often feel:

a) Regret for missed opportunities
b) A sense of peace and satisfaction with their life’s journey
c) Isolated and detached from others
d) Indifference towards social relationships

Answer 27

Answer: b) A sense of peace and satisfaction with their life’s journey

Question 28

Late adulthood is often associated with which change in personality traits?

a) Significant increase in impulsivity
b) Greater focus on emotional stability and acceptance
c) Decrease in self-reflection
d) Increased resistance to change

Answer 28

Answer: b) Greater focus on emotional stability and acceptance

Question 29

Which of the following best describes “gerotranscendence” in late adulthood?

a) Complete withdrawal from society
b) A sense of connection with the universe and acceptance of aging
c) Pursuing material wealth as a primary goal
d) Engaging in youthful behaviors

Answer 29

Answer: b) A sense of connection with the universe and acceptance of aging

Question 30

Which factor has been shown to promote mental well-being in late adulthood?

a) Avoiding all social interactions
b) Engaging in purposeful activities and social connections
c) Ignoring physical health
d) Focusing only on one’s personal achievements

Answer 30

Answer: b) Engaging in purposeful activities and social connections