Infancy and Toddlerhood Flashcards
At what age do most infants begin to crawl?
a) 2-3 months
b) 5-7 months
c) 8-10 months
d) 12-14 months
Answer: c) 8-10 months
Which of the following is the most important reflex for survival during the early stages of life?
a) Grasping reflex
b) Moro reflex
c) Sucking reflex
d) Rooting reflex
Answer: c) Sucking reflex
A baby who consistently looks to their caregiver for comfort when distressed is demonstrating:
a) Secure attachment
b) Disorganized attachment
c) Insecure-avoidant attachment
d) Insecure-resistant attachment
Answer: a) Secure attachment
Which of the following best describes the cognitive development of infants during Piaget’s sensorimotor stage?
a) Abstract reasoning
b) Object permanence
c) Conservation of mass
d) Hypothetical thinking
Answer: b) Object permanence
A toddler who is able to walk, climb, and explore more independently is exhibiting the growth of which developmental area?
a) Cognitive development
b) Motor development
c) Social development
d) Emotional development
Answer: b) Motor development
According to Erikson, which psychosocial conflict is a toddler likely facing?
a) Trust vs. Mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
c) Initiative vs. Guilt
d) Industry vs. Inferiority
Answer: b) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
When a 10-month-old infant begins to say their first words, it is an example of which milestone in language development?
a) Babbling
b) Telegraphic speech
c) Holophrastic speech
d) First words
Answer: d) First words
Which of the following is an example of an infant demonstrating a primary emotion?
a) Surprise
b) Pride
c) Guilt
d) Shame
Answer: a) Surprise
A child with a secure attachment to their caregiver is likely to:
a) Show little distress when separated from the caregiver
b) Explore their environment more confidently
c) Reject interaction with the caregiver after separation
d) Be more prone to separation anxiety in later stages
Answer: b) Explore their environment more confidently
The ability to recognize that objects exist even when they are out of sight is known as:
a) Conservation
b) Object permanence
c) Categorization
d) Egocentrism
Answer: b) Object permanence
Which of the following best describes a 12-month-old child’s cognitive ability in Piaget’s sensorimotor stage?
a) Can engage in abstract thinking
b) Can solve simple problems through trial and error
c) Can understand cause-and-effect relationships
d) Can form mental representations of objects
Answer: b) Can solve simple problems through trial and error
A 2-year-old can demonstrate a sense of autonomy by:
a) Dressing themselves with minimal help
b) Drawing complex pictures
c) Counting to ten
d) Using full sentences
Answer: a) Dressing themselves with minimal help
A child begins to walk and say single words at around the same age. This milestone is an example of:
a) The principle of conservation
b) The sensitive period
c) Developmental synchrony
d) The zone of proximal development
Answer: c) Developmental synchrony
In Vygotsky’s theory, what term describes the process by which caregivers and older children help a toddler learn new skills?
a) Private speech
b) Scaffolding
c) Zone of proximal development
d) Self-regulation
Answer: b) Scaffolding
A child who can walk without support but still has difficulty running or climbing stairs is likely in which stage of motor development?
a) Pre-locomotor
b) Early locomotor
c) Late locomotor
d) Post-locomotor
Answer: b) Early locomotor
Which of the following best represents an infant’s ability to form attachment bonds?
a) The infant’s ability to speak their first word
b) The infant’s ability to engage in social referencing
c) The infant’s ability to engage in object permanence
d) The infant’s ability to grasp objects
Answer: b) The infant’s ability to engage in social referencing
At what age do infants typically begin to exhibit social smiles in response to familiar faces?
a) 1-2 months
b) 3-4 months
c) 6-7 months
d) 8-9 months
Answer: a) 1-2 months
In the first year of life, which of the following is a major development in emotional regulation?
a) The ability to express basic emotions such as joy and sadness
b) The ability to control anger and frustration independently
c) The ability to understand and manage complex emotions
d) The ability to express empathy toward others
Answer: a) The ability to express basic emotions such as joy and sadness
An infant who becomes easily distressed when a caregiver leaves the room but is quickly comforted upon return likely has which attachment style?
a) Secure attachment
b) Disorganized attachment
c) Avoidant attachment
d) Anxious-resistant attachment
Answer: a) Secure attachment
The development of symbolic thought, such as pretending a stick is a sword, typically occurs during which phase of cognitive development?
a) Sensorimotor stage
b) Preoperational stage
c) Concrete operational stage
d) Formal operational stage
Answer: b) Preoperational stage
Which of the following best describes a toddler’s language development?
a) Use of complex sentences and grammar
b) Use of telegraphic speech (two-word sentences)
c) Ability to read basic words
d) Use of abstract and figurative language
Answer: b) Use of telegraphic speech (two-word sentences)
A 10-month-old infant starts to cry when a stranger approaches but settles down when their caregiver returns. This demonstrates which attachment behavior?
a) Secure attachment
b) Avoidant attachment
c) Anxious attachment
d) Disorganized attachment
Answer: a) Secure attachment
At 18 months, a child begins to display signs of empathy by comforting a distressed peer. This behavior is an example of:
a) Emotional contagion
b) Self-conscious emotion
c) Self-regulation
d) Prosocial behavior
Answer: d) Prosocial behavior
According to Erikson, the main task of infancy is to develop:
a) Trust vs. Mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
c) Initiative vs. Guilt
d) Industry vs. Inferiority
Answer: a) Trust vs. Mistrust
