Infancy and Toddlerhood

Question 1

At what age do most infants begin to crawl?

a) 2-3 months
b) 5-7 months
c) 8-10 months
d) 12-14 months

Answer 1

Answer: c) 8-10 months

Question 2

Which of the following is the most important reflex for survival during the early stages of life?

a) Grasping reflex
b) Moro reflex
c) Sucking reflex
d) Rooting reflex

Answer 2

Answer: c) Sucking reflex

Question 3

A baby who consistently looks to their caregiver for comfort when distressed is demonstrating:

a) Secure attachment
b) Disorganized attachment
c) Insecure-avoidant attachment
d) Insecure-resistant attachment

Answer 3

Answer: a) Secure attachment

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the cognitive development of infants during Piaget’s sensorimotor stage?

a) Abstract reasoning
b) Object permanence
c) Conservation of mass
d) Hypothetical thinking

Answer 4

Answer: b) Object permanence

Question 5

A toddler who is able to walk, climb, and explore more independently is exhibiting the growth of which developmental area?

a) Cognitive development
b) Motor development
c) Social development
d) Emotional development

Answer 5

Answer: b) Motor development

Question 6

According to Erikson, which psychosocial conflict is a toddler likely facing?

a) Trust vs. Mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
c) Initiative vs. Guilt
d) Industry vs. Inferiority

Answer 6

Answer: b) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Question 7

When a 10-month-old infant begins to say their first words, it is an example of which milestone in language development?

a) Babbling
b) Telegraphic speech
c) Holophrastic speech
d) First words

Answer 7

Answer: d) First words

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of an infant demonstrating a primary emotion?

a) Surprise
b) Pride
c) Guilt
d) Shame

Answer 8

Answer: a) Surprise

Question 9

A child with a secure attachment to their caregiver is likely to:

a) Show little distress when separated from the caregiver
b) Explore their environment more confidently
c) Reject interaction with the caregiver after separation
d) Be more prone to separation anxiety in later stages

Answer 9

Answer: b) Explore their environment more confidently

Question 10

The ability to recognize that objects exist even when they are out of sight is known as:

a) Conservation
b) Object permanence
c) Categorization
d) Egocentrism

Answer 10

Answer: b) Object permanence

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a 12-month-old child’s cognitive ability in Piaget’s sensorimotor stage?

a) Can engage in abstract thinking
b) Can solve simple problems through trial and error
c) Can understand cause-and-effect relationships
d) Can form mental representations of objects

Answer 11

Answer: b) Can solve simple problems through trial and error

Question 12

A 2-year-old can demonstrate a sense of autonomy by:

a) Dressing themselves with minimal help
b) Drawing complex pictures
c) Counting to ten
d) Using full sentences

Answer 12

Answer: a) Dressing themselves with minimal help

Question 13

A child begins to walk and say single words at around the same age. This milestone is an example of:

a) The principle of conservation
b) The sensitive period
c) Developmental synchrony
d) The zone of proximal development

Answer 13

Answer: c) Developmental synchrony

Question 14

In Vygotsky’s theory, what term describes the process by which caregivers and older children help a toddler learn new skills?

a) Private speech
b) Scaffolding
c) Zone of proximal development
d) Self-regulation

Answer 14

Answer: b) Scaffolding

Question 15

A child who can walk without support but still has difficulty running or climbing stairs is likely in which stage of motor development?

a) Pre-locomotor
b) Early locomotor
c) Late locomotor
d) Post-locomotor

Answer 15

Answer: b) Early locomotor

Question 16

Which of the following best represents an infant’s ability to form attachment bonds?

a) The infant’s ability to speak their first word
b) The infant’s ability to engage in social referencing
c) The infant’s ability to engage in object permanence
d) The infant’s ability to grasp objects

Answer 16

Answer: b) The infant’s ability to engage in social referencing

Question 17

At what age do infants typically begin to exhibit social smiles in response to familiar faces?

a) 1-2 months
b) 3-4 months
c) 6-7 months
d) 8-9 months

Answer 17

Answer: a) 1-2 months

Question 18

In the first year of life, which of the following is a major development in emotional regulation?

a) The ability to express basic emotions such as joy and sadness
b) The ability to control anger and frustration independently
c) The ability to understand and manage complex emotions
d) The ability to express empathy toward others

Answer 18

Answer: a) The ability to express basic emotions such as joy and sadness

Question 19

An infant who becomes easily distressed when a caregiver leaves the room but is quickly comforted upon return likely has which attachment style?

a) Secure attachment
b) Disorganized attachment
c) Avoidant attachment
d) Anxious-resistant attachment

Answer 19

Answer: a) Secure attachment

Question 20

The development of symbolic thought, such as pretending a stick is a sword, typically occurs during which phase of cognitive development?

a) Sensorimotor stage
b) Preoperational stage
c) Concrete operational stage
d) Formal operational stage

Answer 20

Answer: b) Preoperational stage

Question 21

Which of the following best describes a toddler’s language development?

a) Use of complex sentences and grammar
b) Use of telegraphic speech (two-word sentences)
c) Ability to read basic words
d) Use of abstract and figurative language

Answer 21

Answer: b) Use of telegraphic speech (two-word sentences)

Question 22

A 10-month-old infant starts to cry when a stranger approaches but settles down when their caregiver returns. This demonstrates which attachment behavior?

a) Secure attachment
b) Avoidant attachment
c) Anxious attachment
d) Disorganized attachment

Answer 22

Answer: a) Secure attachment

Question 23

At 18 months, a child begins to display signs of empathy by comforting a distressed peer. This behavior is an example of:

a) Emotional contagion
b) Self-conscious emotion
c) Self-regulation
d) Prosocial behavior

Answer 23

Answer: d) Prosocial behavior

Question 24

According to Erikson, the main task of infancy is to develop:

a) Trust vs. Mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
c) Initiative vs. Guilt
d) Industry vs. Inferiority

Answer 24

Answer: a) Trust vs. Mistrust

Question 25

At what age do most children begin to use their first words to communicate with others?

a) 6-8 months
b) 9-12 months
c) 13-15 months
d) 16-18 months

Answer 25

Answer: b) 9-12 months

Question 26

A child who uses their thumb to grasp small objects is demonstrating which fine motor skill?

a) Pincer grasp
b) Palmar grasp
c) Fist grasp
d) Hand-eye coordination

Answer 26

Answer: a) Pincer grasp

Question 27

Which of the following is an example of symbolic play in toddlerhood?

a) Building a tower with blocks
b) Pretending a box is a car
c) Drawing with crayons
d) Sorting colored blocks

Answer 27

Answer: b) Pretending a box is a car

Question 28

In Vygotsky’s theory, the “zone of proximal development” refers to:

a) A child’s ability to learn new concepts independently
b) The gap between what a child can do with assistance and what they can do alone
c) A period of rapid cognitive decline
d) The development of motor skills

Answer 28

Answer: b) The gap between what a child can do with assistance and what they can do alone

Question 29

A toddler begins to engage in parallel play, where they play beside but not directly with other children. This type of play is characteristic of:

a) Solitary play
b) Associative play
c) Parallel play
d) Cooperative play

Answer 29

Answer: c) Parallel play

Question 30

The emergence of object permanence during infancy signifies:

a) The understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight
b) The ability to differentiate between different types of objects
c) The development of abstract thinking
d) The ability to understand cause and effect

Answer 30

Answer: a) The understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight