Late Adulthood Flashcards
gerontology
scientific study of aging
life expectancy and longevity
- subgroups
- gender gap
- variability in death
life expectancy and longetivity: subgroups
- young-old (60-75)
- old-old (75-85)
- oldest-old (85+)
oldest old is fastest growing group
life expectancy and longevity: gender gap
women live longer on average
life expectancy and longevity: variability in death
odds of dying increase with age
senescence
- gradual deterioration of body systems
- graduation happens as organism ages after reaching maturity
- species vary widely in how long individuals live
Hayflick limit
- theoretical proposal
- each species is subject to a genetically programmed time limit after which cells no longer have any capacity to replicate themselves accurately
limitations on activities
- functional status
- basic activities of daily living
- instrumental activities of daily living (IADLS)
limitations on activities: functional status
- individual’s ability to perform certain roles and tasks
- includes self-help tasks and chores of daily living
limitations on activities: basic activities of daily living
self-help tasks
- bathing
- dressing
- using the toilet
limitations on activities: instrumental activities of daily living
+ complex daily living tasks
- housework
- cooking
- managing money
senses: vision
- may experience vision defects
- presbyopia
- enlarged blindspot on retina reduces peripheral vision
senses: hearing
- presbycusis, usually not functionally limited
- gender differences: men lose hearing faster
- ability to hear high frequency sounds diminishes
- word discrimination = problematic
- tinitus increases
sense: taste
- no evident decline in tasting in 5 basic flavours
- less saliva
- flavours seem blander
senses: smell
deteriorates with age
senses: touch
- loss of sensitivity to touch
- cold and heat can be dangerous
changes in sleep
- more frequent awakening occurs after 65y
- REM sleep is decreased
- more likely to wake up early in the morning and go to bed early
- day time naps compensate for interrupted sleep
dementia
- neurological disorder
- problems with memory and thinking
- affects individuals’ emotional, social, physical functioning
- leading cause of placement into long-care in Canada
depression
big concern in late adulthood
Alzheimer’s
- severe form of dementia
- early onset is slow
Alzheimer’s: early onset
- disorientation in unfamiliar settings
- memory for recent events go next
- slow
- subtle memory difficulties
- repetitive conversation
Alzheimer’s: memories for long-ago events
- well-rehearsed cognitive tasks are retained late in the illness
- can be accessed through multiple neural pathways
Alzheimer’s: eventual failure to _____
- recognize family members
- inability to communicate
- inability to perform self-care
Alzheimer’s: miscellaneous changes
- changes in appetite
- facial expressions and emotions of others are difficult to process
- may be unable to control emotions (sudden bursts of rage)
- may become excessively dependent
diagnosing Alzheimer’s
- definitive diagnosis = only after death
- difficult to diagnose early on
early diagnosing of Alzheimer’s
- self-perceived difficulties in performing IADLs
- biomarkers
- eye exam