Late 19th Through 20th Centuries

Question 0

“Cat and Mouse Act” (1913)

Answer 0

Law that released suffragettes on hunger strikes from jail and then rearrested and jailed them again

Question 1

Eduard Bernstein (1850-1932)

Answer 1

Revisionist German Social Democrat who favored socialist revolution by the ballot rather than the bullet, by cooperating with the bourgeois members of Parliament and securing electoral victories for his party (the SDP)

Question 2

Conservative party

Answer 2

Formerly the Tory party, headed by Disraeli in the nineteenth century

Question 3

Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

Answer 3

British scientist whose Origin of Species (1859) proposed the theory of evolution based on his biological research

Question 4

Benjamin Disraeli(1804-1881)

Answer 4

Leader of the British Tory party who engineered the Reform Bill of 1867, which extended the franchise to the working class.
Added the Suez Canal to the English overseas holdings

Question 5

Alfred Dreyfus (1859-1935)

Answer 5

French Jewish army captain unfairly convicted of espionage in case that lasted from 1894 to 1906

Question 6

Fabian Society

Answer 6

Group of English socialists, including George Bernard Shaw, who advocated electoral victories rather than violent revolution to bring about social change

Question 7

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Answer 7

Viennese psychoanalysist whose theory of human personality based on sexual drives shocked Victorian sensibilities

Question 8

William Gladstone (1809-1898)

Answer 8

English Prime Minister (liberal) known as the “Grand Old Man”. Instituted liberal reforms which were designed to remove long standing abuses without destroying existing institutions. He believed in Home Rule for Ireland. In 1870 he passed the Education Act of 1870 and the Order in Council which replaced patronage as a means of entering civil service with competitive examinations. In 1871 he removed the Anglican religion qualification for faculty positions at Oxford and Cambridge universities and introduced the Ballot act of 1872 which provided for a secret ballot

Question 9

Jean Jaures (1859-1914)

Answer 9

French revisionist socialist who was assassinated for his pacifist ideals a the start of World War I.

Question 10

Liberal party

Answer 10

Formerly the Whig party, headed by Gladstone in the 19th century

Question 11

Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)

Answer 11

German philosopher and forerunner of the modern existentialist movement; he stressed the role of the Übermensch or Superman, who would rise above the common herd of mediocrity

Question 12

Caroline Norton (1808-1877)

Answer 12

British feminist whose legal persistence resulted in the married women’s property act (1883), which game married women the same property rights as unmarried women

Question 13

Emmeline Pankhurst (1858-1928)

Answer 13

British suffragette and founder of the women’s social and political union

Question 14

Parliament Act of 1911

Answer 14

Legislation that deprived the House of Lords of veto power in all matters (realistically curtails the power of the House of Lords)