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APUSH Exam Review > Late 1800s and Early 20th Century > Flashcards

Late 1800s and Early 20th Century Flashcards

1
Q

The “Gilded Age”

A

coined by Mark Twain, shiny surface masked reality

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2
Q

Horizontal integration

A

elimination of competitors

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3
Q

Vertical integration

A

gaining control of production and distribution process

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4
Q

“robber barons”

A

business owners who make profit by paying employees low wages

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5
Q

Social Darwinism

A

rich were rich and poor were poor due to natural selection in society

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6
Q

Gospel of Wealth

A

article written by Andrew Carnegie, described the responsibility of philanthropy

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7
Q

Social Gospel

A

demanded better housing and living conditions for the poor

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8
Q

Knights of Labor

A

Terence v. Powderly leads, welcomed unskilled and skilled workers

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9
Q

Haymarket Square incident

A

began with protest against police brutality, dynamite bomb killed several people, KOL were blamed which led to their downfall

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10
Q

American Federation of Labor

A

founder= Samuel Gompers, alliance of skilled workers, focused on “bread and butter” issues

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11
Q

“bread and butter unionism”

A

unions should focus on improving working conditions and pay for skilled workers, used by AFL

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12
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act

A

signed by President Arthur, prohibited all immigration of Chinese laborers

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13
Q

“new immigrants”

A

1880s, immigrant wave from southern and eastern Europe

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14
Q

settlement houses

A

neighborhood center in impoverished areas, helped transition to US society

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15
Q

Jane Addams and Hull House

A

Chicago, many settlement houses modeled after it (women activism and help out poor)

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16
Q

political machines

A

controlled political parties in cities, boss leads machine and attempts to get votes for his party

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17
Q

“Boss” Tweed (William Tweed)

A

leader of Tammany Hall, he stole up to 200m from the general public in 6 years and ended up in jail

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18
Q

Jim Crow laws

A

written to separate blacks and whites in public areas

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19
Q

Booker T. Washington

A

former slave, promoted education and economic opportunity for blacks

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20
Q

W.E.B Du Bois

A

wanted immediate implementation of African American rights

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21
Q

The Grangers

A

organized by Oliver H. Kelley, wanted to break hold of RR owners and middlemen

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22
Q

William Jennings Bryan

A

“Cross of Gold” speech which favored free silver

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23
Q

Progressive Movement

A

stopped unfair business competition, political corruption, social reform, etc.

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24
Q

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

A

prohibited monopolies and trusts that hindered competition

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25
muckrakers
journalists who wrote about injustices and exposed the filth of society
26
How the Other Half Lives
John Riis, told public about immigrant lives and those who live in tenements
27
The Jungle
Upton Sinclair, exposed meat packing industry in Chicago
28
Lincoln Steffans
NY reporter, wrote series of articles called "The Shame of the Cities"
29
Pendleton Act
passed to stop "spoils system"
30
WCTU
advocated for alcohol prohibition
31
Causes of Spanish-American War
-"Yellow journalism," sinking of USS Maine (Spain was blamed), Teller Amendment (justified war effort), De Lôme Letter
32
1898 Treaty of Paris
ended Spanish-American war with negotiation of land
33
Insular Cases
established by SC that constit. rights do not automatically extend to land acquired in Spanish-American War
34
Open Door Policy
John Hay, ALL nations have equal opp. to any Chinese port open to trade -no China consent, imperialism
35
Panama Canal
connects Atlantic to Pacific ocean, key channel for international trade
36
Roosevelt Corollary
added to Monroe Doctrine, obstructed EU military intervention, assumed US right to "an international police power"
37
Big Stick Diplomacy
Roosevelt, promoted US interests | peaceful but threatened with "big stick"
38
Dollar Diplomacy
Taft, strengthen US ties | promoting US trade, etc
39
Selective Service Act
made every adult male register for the draft at age of 18, helped US entry into WW1
40
Fourteen Points
Wilson prin. for world peace: open diplomacy, freedom of seas, creation of organization (later League of Nations), self-determination
41
Kellogg-Briand Pact
sixty-two nations pledged to not use war as instrument of policy -if US, Germany or France broke they wouldn't get benefits
42
The 1st "Red Scare"
focused on worker (socialist) revolution/political radicalism
43
Palmer Raids
disregarded basic civil liberties, against suspected communists/anarchists
44
"Return to Normalcy"
campaign theme of Warren Harding during 1920 election, conservative mood like the Progressive era
45
Sacco and Vanzetti
convicted of killing guard/paymaster during robbery of Slater/Morrill Shoe Company, discrimination of immigrants
46
Harlem Renaissance
black artistic and literary creativity in Harlem district of Manhattan
47
Flappers
challenged views of women, flaunted sexuality in public
48
Margaret Sanger
championed birth control for women, organiz. she est. evolved into Planned Parenthood
49
1920s fundmentalism
liberal inter. of Bible | Scopes Trial: John T. Scopes convicted of teaching evolution, shows conflict in fundamentalism/modernism
50
Industrialization
when a society transforms itself from a primarily agricultural society into one based on the manufacturing of goods and services
51
Henry Bessemer
revolutionized steel production
52
Alexander Graham Bell
invented the telephone
53
Isaac Singer
invented the sewing machine
54
John D Rockefeller
dominated oil industry
55
Andrew Carnegie
dominated steel industry
56
Cornelius Vanderbilt
railroad tycoon
57
JP Morgan
leader in banking and finance
58
Urbanization
population shift from rural to urban area
59
Changes in merchandising
rise of advertisement and consumer culture
60
Famous robber barons
Carnegie, Morgan, Mellon, Rockefeller
61
Frederick Olmstead
made city parks
62
Black disenfranchisement
poll tax, property qualification, literacy tests
63
Marcus Garvey
urged blacks to return to Africa because he thought blacks would never be treated equal
64
Grangers goal
break hold of RR owners
65
Granger laws
regulates railroads
66
Oliver H. Kelley
organized national grange
67
Populists' Party
started w/ Western farmers, demanded free and unlimited coinage of silver, graduated income tax, etc.
68
Triangle Shirtwaist fire
caused NYC to pass fire and safety laws
69
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
the first federal regulatory board, supervised railroad regulation
70
Election of 1912
presidential campaign involving Taft, T. Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson. Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote, enabling Wilson to win
71
18th Amendment
prohibited manufacture, sale or transportation of alcohol | - later repealed
72
Volstead Act
set methods for enforcing the 18th Amendment
73
Susan B. Anthony
lecturer for women's rights
74
Seward's Folly
purchase of Alaska
75
TR's Square Deal
embraced the three Cs: control of the corporations, consumer protection, and the conservation of the US' natural resources
76
Imperialist
an advocate of dominating other nations by acquiring their land or making them economically dependent
77
Alfred T Mahan
admiral, aroused govt interest in imperialism and wrote "The Influence of Sea Power Upon History"
78
Annexation of Hawaii
U.S. wanted Hawaii for business - Queen Liliuokalani opposed so Sanford B. Dole overthrew her - William McKinley convinced Congress to annex Hawaii in 1898
79
Spanish-American War
war fought between the US and Spain in Cuba and the Philippines. It lasted less than 3 months
80
Results of Spanish-American War
resulted in Cuba's independence as well as the US annexing Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines
81
Gentlemen's Agreement
resolved some tensions between US and Japan
82
Great White Fleet
convoy of US warships to demonstrate Americas growth
83
Boxer Rebellion
uprising in China, blamed foreign people + institutions for the loss of traditional Chinese way of life
84
Teller Amendment
promised independence to Cuba, justified US war effort
85
Platt Amendment
seven conditions to get US troops out of Cuba
86
MAIN long term causes of WW1
militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism
87
Zimmerman Telegram
Germany sec Zimmerman asked Mexico to attack US, rep. direct threat, hastened US entry into WW1
88
Lusitania
sunk by German u-boat, caused US to enter WW1 against Germans
89
Espionage act
prevented use of mail system to intervene with war effort
90
Sedition act
made it illegal to speak out against any aspects of US gov
91
Treaty of Versailles
created to solve problems made by World War I, punished Germany
92
Teapot dome scandal
illegal drilling of oil in Wyoming
93
Henry Ford
manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production
94
Roaring Twenties
period of economic prosperity with cultural edge in the United States
95
laissez-faire Republicans
advocates having the government keep their hands off business and the economy
96
Consumerism
concentration on producing and distributing goods for a market which must constantly be enlarged
97
Lost Generation
felt the real America had been lost or distorted, some moved to EU ex: F. Scott Fitzgerald, Hemingway
98
Convoy System
protect cargo and passenger ships in 1st and 2nd WW, escort ships
99
Recall
the people can petition and vote to have an elected official removed from office
100
Referendum
a law passed by the legislature can be reference to the people for approval/veto
101
17th Amendment
popular election of senators

APUSH Exam Review (4 decks)

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