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APUSH Exam Review > Late 1800s and Early 20th Century > Flashcards

Late 1800s and Early 20th Century Flashcards

1
Q

The “Gilded Age”

A

coined by Mark Twain, shiny surface masked reality

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2
Q

Horizontal integration

A

elimination of competitors

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3
Q

Vertical integration

A

gaining control of production and distribution process

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4
Q

“robber barons”

A

business owners who make profit by paying employees low wages

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5
Q

Social Darwinism

A

rich were rich and poor were poor due to natural selection in society

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6
Q

Gospel of Wealth

A

article written by Andrew Carnegie, described the responsibility of philanthropy

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7
Q

Social Gospel

A

demanded better housing and living conditions for the poor

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8
Q

Knights of Labor

A

Terence v. Powderly leads, welcomed unskilled and skilled workers

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9
Q

Haymarket Square incident

A

began with protest against police brutality, dynamite bomb killed several people, KOL were blamed which led to their downfall

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10
Q

American Federation of Labor

A

founder= Samuel Gompers, alliance of skilled workers, focused on “bread and butter” issues

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11
Q

“bread and butter unionism”

A

unions should focus on improving working conditions and pay for skilled workers, used by AFL

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12
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act

A

signed by President Arthur, prohibited all immigration of Chinese laborers

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13
Q

“new immigrants”

A

1880s, immigrant wave from southern and eastern Europe

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14
Q

settlement houses

A

neighborhood center in impoverished areas, helped transition to US society

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15
Q

Jane Addams and Hull House

A

Chicago, many settlement houses modeled after it (women activism and help out poor)

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16
Q

political machines

A

controlled political parties in cities, boss leads machine and attempts to get votes for his party

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17
Q

“Boss” Tweed (William Tweed)

A

leader of Tammany Hall, he stole up to 200m from the general public in 6 years and ended up in jail

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18
Q

Jim Crow laws

A

written to separate blacks and whites in public areas

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19
Q

Booker T. Washington

A

former slave, promoted education and economic opportunity for blacks

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20
Q

W.E.B Du Bois

A

wanted immediate implementation of African American rights

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21
Q

The Grangers

A

organized by Oliver H. Kelley, wanted to break hold of RR owners and middlemen

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22
Q

William Jennings Bryan

A

“Cross of Gold” speech which favored free silver

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23
Q

Progressive Movement

A

stopped unfair business competition, political corruption, social reform, etc.

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24
Q

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

A

prohibited monopolies and trusts that hindered competition

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25
Q

muckrakers

A

journalists who wrote about injustices and exposed the filth of society

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26
Q

How the Other Half Lives

A

John Riis, told public about immigrant lives and those who live in tenements

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27
Q

The Jungle

A

Upton Sinclair, exposed meat packing industry in Chicago

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28
Q

Lincoln Steffans

A

NY reporter, wrote series of articles called “The Shame of the Cities”

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29
Q

Pendleton Act

A

passed to stop “spoils system”

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30
Q

WCTU

A

advocated for alcohol prohibition

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31
Q

Causes of Spanish-American War

A

-“Yellow journalism,” sinking of USS Maine (Spain was blamed), Teller Amendment (justified war effort), De Lôme Letter

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32
Q

1898 Treaty of Paris

A

ended Spanish-American war with negotiation of land

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33
Q

Insular Cases

A

established by SC that constit. rights do not automatically extend to land acquired in Spanish-American War

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34
Q

Open Door Policy

A

John Hay, ALL nations have equal opp. to any Chinese port open to trade
-no China consent, imperialism

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35
Q

Panama Canal

A

connects Atlantic to Pacific ocean, key channel for international trade

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36
Q

Roosevelt Corollary

A

added to Monroe Doctrine, obstructed EU military intervention, assumed US right to “an international police power”

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37
Q

Big Stick Diplomacy

A

Roosevelt, promoted US interests

peaceful but threatened with “big stick”

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38
Q

Dollar Diplomacy

A

Taft, strengthen US ties

promoting US trade, etc

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39
Q

Selective Service Act

A

made every adult male register for the draft at age of 18, helped US entry into WW1

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40
Q

Fourteen Points

A

Wilson prin. for world peace: open diplomacy, freedom of seas, creation of organization (later League of Nations), self-determination

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41
Q

Kellogg-Briand Pact

A

sixty-two nations pledged to not use war as instrument of policy
-if US, Germany or France broke they wouldn’t get benefits

42
Q

The 1st “Red Scare”

A

focused on worker (socialist) revolution/political radicalism

43
Q

Palmer Raids

A

disregarded basic civil liberties, against suspected communists/anarchists

44
Q

“Return to Normalcy”

A

campaign theme of Warren Harding during 1920 election, conservative mood like the Progressive era

45
Q

Sacco and Vanzetti

A

convicted of killing guard/paymaster during robbery of Slater/Morrill Shoe Company, discrimination of immigrants

46
Q

Harlem Renaissance

A

black artistic and literary creativity in Harlem district of Manhattan

47
Q

Flappers

A

challenged views of women, flaunted sexuality in public

48
Q

Margaret Sanger

A

championed birth control for women, organiz. she est. evolved into Planned Parenthood

49
Q

1920s fundmentalism

A

liberal inter. of Bible

Scopes Trial: John T. Scopes convicted of teaching evolution, shows conflict in fundamentalism/modernism

50
Q

Industrialization

A

when a society transforms itself from a primarily agricultural society into one based on the manufacturing of goods and services

51
Q

Henry Bessemer

A

revolutionized steel production

52
Q

Alexander Graham Bell

A

invented the telephone

53
Q

Isaac Singer

A

invented the sewing machine

54
Q

John D Rockefeller

A

dominated oil industry

55
Q

Andrew Carnegie

A

dominated steel industry

56
Q

Cornelius Vanderbilt

A

railroad tycoon

57
Q

JP Morgan

A

leader in banking and finance

58
Q

Urbanization

A

population shift from rural to urban area

59
Q

Changes in merchandising

A

rise of advertisement and consumer culture

60
Q

Famous robber barons

A

Carnegie, Morgan, Mellon, Rockefeller

61
Q

Frederick Olmstead

A

made city parks

62
Q

Black disenfranchisement

A

poll tax, property qualification, literacy tests

63
Q

Marcus Garvey

A

urged blacks to return to Africa because he thought blacks would never be treated equal

64
Q

Grangers goal

A

break hold of RR owners

65
Q

Granger laws

A

regulates railroads

66
Q

Oliver H. Kelley

A

organized national grange

67
Q

Populists’ Party

A

started w/ Western farmers, demanded free and unlimited coinage of silver, graduated income tax, etc.

68
Q

Triangle Shirtwaist fire

A

caused NYC to pass fire and safety laws

69
Q

Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)

A

the first federal regulatory board, supervised railroad regulation

70
Q

Election of 1912

A

presidential campaign involving Taft, T. Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson. Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote, enabling Wilson to win

71
Q

18th Amendment

A

prohibited manufacture, sale or transportation of alcohol

- later repealed

72
Q

Volstead Act

A

set methods for enforcing the 18th Amendment

73
Q

Susan B. Anthony

A

lecturer for women’s rights

74
Q

Seward’s Folly

A

purchase of Alaska

75
Q

TR’s Square Deal

A

embraced the three Cs: control of the corporations, consumer protection, and the conservation of the US’ natural resources

76
Q

Imperialist

A

an advocate of dominating other nations by acquiring their land or making them economically dependent

77
Q

Alfred T Mahan

A

admiral, aroused govt interest in imperialism and wrote “The Influence of Sea Power Upon History”

78
Q

Annexation of Hawaii

A

U.S. wanted Hawaii for business

  • Queen Liliuokalani opposed so Sanford B. Dole overthrew her
  • William McKinley convinced Congress to annex Hawaii in 1898
79
Q

Spanish-American War

A

war fought between the US and Spain in Cuba and the Philippines. It lasted less than 3 months

80
Q

Results of Spanish-American War

A

resulted in Cuba’s independence as well as the US annexing Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines

81
Q

Gentlemen’s Agreement

A

resolved some tensions between US and Japan

82
Q

Great White Fleet

A

convoy of US warships to demonstrate Americas growth

83
Q

Boxer Rebellion

A

uprising in China, blamed foreign people + institutions for the loss of traditional Chinese way of life

84
Q

Teller Amendment

A

promised independence to Cuba, justified US war effort

85
Q

Platt Amendment

A

seven conditions to get US troops out of Cuba

86
Q

MAIN long term causes of WW1

A

militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism

87
Q

Zimmerman Telegram

A

Germany sec Zimmerman asked Mexico to attack US, rep. direct threat, hastened US entry into WW1

88
Q

Lusitania

A

sunk by German u-boat, caused US to enter WW1 against Germans

89
Q

Espionage act

A

prevented use of mail system to intervene with war effort

90
Q

Sedition act

A

made it illegal to speak out against any aspects of US gov

91
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

created to solve problems made by World War I, punished Germany

92
Q

Teapot dome scandal

A

illegal drilling of oil in Wyoming

93
Q

Henry Ford

A

manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production

94
Q

Roaring Twenties

A

period of economic prosperity with cultural edge in the United States

95
Q

laissez-faire Republicans

A

advocates having the government keep their hands off business and the economy

96
Q

Consumerism

A

concentration on producing and distributing goods for a market which must constantly be enlarged

97
Q

Lost Generation

A

felt the real America had been lost or distorted, some moved to EU
ex: F. Scott Fitzgerald, Hemingway

98
Q

Convoy System

A

protect cargo and passenger ships in 1st and 2nd WW, escort ships

99
Q

Recall

A

the people can petition and vote to have an elected official removed from office

100
Q

Referendum

A

a law passed by the legislature can be reference to the people for approval/veto

101
Q

17th Amendment

A

popular election of senators

APUSH Exam Review (4 decks)

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