Colonial Era and Early U.S. History

Question 1

Mayflower Compact

Answer 1

the first agreement for self-government in America

Question 2

“Columbian Exchange”

Answer 2

exchanges bet the New and Old World

-plants, animals, diseases, technology which transformed the life for Europeans and Native Americans

Question 3

Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 3

divided New World between Spain and Portugal

Question 4

John Smith

Answer 4

admiral of New England, important in the establishment of Jamestown

Question 5

John Rolfe

Answer 5

credited with cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in VA, Pocahontas’ husband

Question 6

Headright System

Answer 6

used as a way to attract new settlers, gave settlers land when they brought indentured servants over

Question 7

indentured servants

Answer 7

people paid for their passage to the New World by working for an employer for a fixed term of years

Question 8

Fundamental Orders

Answer 8

set up structure and powers of gov by the Conn. Rivers towns

Question 9

Puritans

Answer 9

group of English reformed Protestants, wanted to purify the Church of England from Roman Catholic practices

Question 10

John Winthrop

Answer 10

led the first large wave of immigrants from England, “City upon a hill”

Question 11

Great Migration

Answer 11

movement of 6M blacks out of the rural southern US to the urban Northwest, Midwest and West

Question 12

Toleration Act

Answer 12

act passed that guaranteed toleration to all Christians, led to first amendment

Question 13

Bacon’s Rebellion

Answer 13

armed rebellion in 1676 by VA settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Gov Berkeley

Question 14

Anne Hutchinson

Answer 14

helped with the development of religious freedoms

Question 15

Roger Williams

Answer 15

advocate of religious freedom + separation of church and state, expelled for spreading dangerous ideas

Question 16

Quakers

Answer 16

members of a group of religious Christian movements, mainly Christianity

Question 17

mercantilism

Answer 17

strengthen economy, protest industry and have a favorable balance of trade

Question 18

The First Great Awakening

Answer 18

stressed importance of personal connection with Christ and salvation

Question 19

French and Indian War

Answer 19

war fought for control of eastern North America between Britain and France, as well as Native American allies

Question 20

Albany Congress

Answer 20

due to French threats on their western frontiers, delegates from 7 colonies gathered to discuss 2 goals: 1) to persuade Iroquois to abandon traditional neutrality and 2) to coordinate defenses of colonies

Question 21

Proclamation of 1763

Answer 21

forbade all settlement past a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains

Question 22

Salutary neglect

Answer 22

Britain’s unofficial policy, relaxes the enforcement of strict regulations such as trade laws

Question 23

“virtual representation”

Answer 23

colonies and Ireland were represented in Parliament even though they didn’t get to elect their representatives

Question 24

Boston Massacre

Answer 24

incident in which British Army soldiers killed five male civilians and injured six others

Question 25

Boston Tea Party

Answer 25

Bostonians, disguised as Indians, boarded the ships and dumped the tea into the sea

Question 26

Enlightenment

Answer 26

dominated the world of ideas in Europe, influenced by people such as Locke GOAL OF ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS: liberty, progress, reason, tolerance, fraternity and ending the abuses of the church/state

Question 27

Thomas Paine

Answer 27

published the bestseller Common Sense (sparked the spirit of independence)

Question 28

Bunker Hill

Answer 28

the first important battle of the Revolutionary war, the British had their worst casualties during this war, but still took control of the hill

Question 29

Lexington and Concord

Answer 29

Gage sent troops to Concord to stop the colonists who were loading arms. The next day, the first shots were fired in Lexington, starting the war

Question 30

1783 Treaty of Paris

Answer 30

ended American Rev, British recognized the independence of the United States and granted it generous boundaries

Question 31

Shay's Rebellion

Answer 31

farmers protested the foreclosures of farms for debt

Question 32

"Great Compromise"

Answer 32

defined the legislative structure and representation each state would have under the US Constitution

Question 33

Federalist Papers

Answer 33

essays that explained how the new gov and constitution would work - Jay, Hamilton and Madison wrote the essays

Question 34

Anti-Federalists

Answer 34

movement that opposed the ratification of the 1787 constitution, wanted the Bill of Rights and wouldn't sign constitution w/o it

Question 35

Bill of Rights

Answer 35

first ten amendments of the Constitution

Question 36

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 36

it was an armed rebellion in which people rebelled against the new whiskey tax

Question 37

1st Bank of US (debate)

Answer 37

Hamilton's bank proposal faced resistance from Jefferson and Madison, claimed the bank was unconstitutional

Question 38

"Strict constructionist"

Answer 38

wants to limits or restricts judicial interpretation, strict docs

Question 39

Pinckney's Treaty

Answer 39

established friendship between US and Spain, defined bound. of the US with the Spanish colonies, US gets nav rights on the Miss. River

Question 40

"Farewell Address"

Answer 40

warned America of the political dangers they can and must avoid if they are to remain true to their values, Washington

Question 41

XYZ Affair

Answer 41

involved a confrontation between US and Republican France that led to the undeclared Quasi-War

Question 42

Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 42

allowed president to imprison and deport non citizens who were deemed dangerous or from a hostile nation

Question 43

Nullification

Answer 43

state has right to nullify or invalidate any federal law the state has deemed unconstitutional

Question 44

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Answer 44

political statements in which KY and VA legislative took position that the federal Alien/Sedition Acts were unconstitutional

Question 45

"Revolution of 1800"

Answer 45

Thomas Jefferson defeated Adams, 1st peaceful transfer of power between parties

Question 46

The "Marshall Court"

Answer 46

under Marshall, SC decisions upheld the supremacy of federal legislation over state

Question 47

Impressment

Answer 47

act of taking men into navy with or without force

Question 48

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 48

land deal between US and France, acquired approximately 827,000 square miles

Question 49

Embargo Act of 1807

Answer 49

made any and all exports from the US illegal

Question 50

Tecumseh

Answer 50

leader who fought against the United States expansion into the midwest, defeated at the battle of Tippecanoe

Question 51

American System

Answer 51

Henry Clay, adoption of a high protective tariff and developing internal improvements to promote industry

Question 52

Henry Clay

Answer 52

supporter of the American System, senator from KY , a war hawk, known as the "Great Compromiser"

Question 53

Missouri Compromise

Answer 53

``` Missouri= slave state Maine= free state ```

Question 54

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 54

Europe shouldn't interfere in affairs within the US or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere

Question 55

St. Augustine

Answer 55

First permanent EU settlement in US

Question 56

Articles of Confederation

Answer 56

first American constitution that established the US, loose confederation of states, weak national Congress, later replaced by Constitution

Question 57

Constitution

Answer 57

establishes the rights and liberties of the American people

Question 58

Three-fifths Compromise

Answer 58

each slave would be counted as three-fifths of a person for the purpose of apportioning taxes and representation

Question 59

Washington's precedents

Answer 59

established the Cabinet within the Executive Branch, | supported concepts such as a national debt, policy of neutrality

Question 60

Hamilton's Bank Plan

Answer 60

government will keeps its money in the bank, bank will loan it out for interest to grow the economy

Question 61

early political parties

Answer 61

Federalist Party= Alexander Hamilton, Democratic-Republican Party= Thomas Jefferson and James Madison Anti-Federalist- Patrick Henry

Question 62

War of 1812 causes

Answer 62

Britain's seizure of American ships, impressment of sailors, America's resentment of Britain, etc

Question 63

War of 1812 events

Answer 63

Early victories at sea by the US, then overcame by the british, Andrew Jackson led the American charge through the Southwest

Question 64

War of 1812 results

Answer 64

America became more isolationist, spurred westward migration, ended Federalist Party, Jackson=Hero