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APUSH Exam Review > Colonial Era and Early U.S. History > Flashcards

Colonial Era and Early U.S. History Flashcards

1
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

the first agreement for self-government in America

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2
Q

“Columbian Exchange”

A

exchanges bet the New and Old World

-plants, animals, diseases, technology which transformed the life for Europeans and Native Americans

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3
Q

Treaty of Tordesillas

A

divided New World between Spain and Portugal

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4
Q

John Smith

A

admiral of New England, important in the establishment of Jamestown

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5
Q

John Rolfe

A

credited with cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in VA, Pocahontas’ husband

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6
Q

Headright System

A

used as a way to attract new settlers, gave settlers land when they brought indentured servants over

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7
Q

indentured servants

A

people paid for their passage to the New World by working for an employer for a fixed term of years

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8
Q

Fundamental Orders

A

set up structure and powers of gov by the Conn. Rivers towns

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9
Q

Puritans

A

group of English reformed Protestants, wanted to purify the Church of England from Roman Catholic practices

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10
Q

John Winthrop

A

led the first large wave of immigrants from England, “City upon a hill”

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11
Q

Great Migration

A

movement of 6M blacks out of the rural southern US to the urban Northwest, Midwest and West

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12
Q

Toleration Act

A

act passed that guaranteed toleration to all Christians, led to first amendment

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13
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A

armed rebellion in 1676 by VA settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Gov Berkeley

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14
Q

Anne Hutchinson

A

helped with the development of religious freedoms

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15
Q

Roger Williams

A

advocate of religious freedom + separation of church and state, expelled for spreading dangerous ideas

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16
Q

Quakers

A

members of a group of religious Christian movements, mainly Christianity

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17
Q

mercantilism

A

strengthen economy, protest industry and have a favorable balance of trade

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18
Q

The First Great Awakening

A

stressed importance of personal connection with Christ and salvation

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19
Q

French and Indian War

A

war fought for control of eastern North America between Britain and France, as well as Native American allies

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20
Q

Albany Congress

A

due to French threats on their western frontiers, delegates from 7 colonies gathered to discuss 2 goals: 1) to persuade Iroquois to abandon traditional neutrality and 2) to coordinate defenses of colonies

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21
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

forbade all settlement past a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains

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22
Q

Salutary neglect

A

Britain’s unofficial policy, relaxes the enforcement of strict regulations such as trade laws

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23
Q

“virtual representation”

A

colonies and Ireland were represented in Parliament even though they didn’t get to elect their representatives

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24
Q

Boston Massacre

A

incident in which British Army soldiers killed five male civilians and injured six others

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25
Q

Boston Tea Party

A

Bostonians, disguised as Indians, boarded the ships and dumped the tea into the sea

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26
Q

Enlightenment

A

dominated the world of ideas in Europe, influenced by people such as Locke

GOAL OF ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS:
liberty, progress, reason, tolerance, fraternity and ending the abuses of the church/state

27
Q

Thomas Paine

A

published the bestseller Common Sense (sparked the spirit of independence)

28
Q

Bunker Hill

A

the first important battle of the Revolutionary war, the British had their worst casualties during this war, but still took control of the hill

29
Q

Lexington and Concord

A

Gage sent troops to Concord to stop the colonists who were loading arms. The next day, the first shots were fired in Lexington, starting the war

30
Q

1783 Treaty of Paris

A

ended American Rev, British recognized the independence of the United States and granted it generous boundaries

31
Q

Shay’s Rebellion

A

farmers protested the foreclosures of farms for debt

32
Q

“Great Compromise”

A

defined the legislative structure and representation each state would have under the US Constitution

33
Q

Federalist Papers

A

essays that explained how the new gov and constitution would work
- Jay, Hamilton and Madison wrote the essays

34
Q

Anti-Federalists

A

movement that opposed the ratification of the 1787 constitution, wanted the Bill of Rights and wouldn’t sign constitution w/o it

35
Q

Bill of Rights

A

first ten amendments of the Constitution

36
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A

it was an armed rebellion in which people rebelled against the new whiskey tax

37
Q

1st Bank of US (debate)

A

Hamilton’s bank proposal faced resistance from Jefferson and Madison, claimed the bank was unconstitutional

38
Q

“Strict constructionist”

A

wants to limits or restricts judicial interpretation, strict docs

39
Q

Pinckney’s Treaty

A

established friendship between US and Spain, defined bound. of the US with the Spanish colonies, US gets nav rights on the Miss. River

40
Q

“Farewell Address”

A

warned America of the political dangers they can and must avoid if they are to remain true to their values, Washington

41
Q

XYZ Affair

A

involved a confrontation between US and Republican France that led to the undeclared Quasi-War

42
Q

Alien and Sedition Acts

A

allowed president to imprison and deport non citizens who were deemed dangerous or from a hostile nation

43
Q

Nullification

A

state has right to nullify or invalidate any federal law the state has deemed unconstitutional

44
Q

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

A

political statements in which KY and VA legislative took position that the federal Alien/Sedition Acts were unconstitutional

45
Q

“Revolution of 1800”

A

Thomas Jefferson defeated Adams, 1st peaceful transfer of power between parties

46
Q

The “Marshall Court”

A

under Marshall, SC decisions upheld the supremacy of federal legislation over state

47
Q

Impressment

A

act of taking men into navy with or without force

48
Q

Louisiana Purchase

A

land deal between US and France, acquired approximately 827,000 square miles

49
Q

Embargo Act of 1807

A

made any and all exports from the US illegal

50
Q

Tecumseh

A

leader who fought against the United States expansion into the midwest, defeated at the battle of Tippecanoe

51
Q

American System

A

Henry Clay, adoption of a high protective tariff and developing internal improvements to promote industry

52
Q

Henry Clay

A

supporter of the American System, senator from KY , a war hawk, known as the “Great Compromiser”

53
Q

Missouri Compromise

A 
Missouri= slave state 
Maine= free state
54
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

Europe shouldn’t interfere in affairs within the US or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere

55
Q

St. Augustine

A

First permanent EU settlement in US

56
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

first American constitution that established the US, loose confederation of states, weak national Congress, later replaced by Constitution

57
Q

Constitution

A

establishes the rights and liberties of the American people

58
Q

Three-fifths Compromise

A

each slave would be counted as three-fifths of a person for the purpose of apportioning taxes and representation

59
Q

Washington’s precedents

A

established the Cabinet within the Executive Branch,

supported concepts such as a national debt, policy of neutrality

60
Q

Hamilton’s Bank Plan

A

government will keeps its money in the bank, bank will loan it out for interest to grow the economy

61
Q

early political parties

A

Federalist Party= Alexander Hamilton,
Democratic-Republican Party= Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
Anti-Federalist- Patrick Henry

62
Q

War of 1812 causes

A

Britain’s seizure of American ships, impressment of sailors, America’s resentment of Britain, etc

63
Q

War of 1812 events

A

Early victories at sea by the US, then overcame by the british, Andrew Jackson led the American charge through the Southwest

64
Q

War of 1812 results

A

America became more isolationist, spurred westward migration, ended Federalist Party, Jackson=Hero

APUSH Exam Review (4 decks)

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