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APUSH Exam Review > 1930s and Beyond > Flashcards

1930s and Beyond Flashcards

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1
Q

Causes of Great Depression

A

high tariffs, war debt, stock crash, etc

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2
Q

Bonus Army

A

WW1 veterans, tried to intimidate Con. into paying BUT Hoover had them removed, shed bad light on Hoover

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3
Q

New Deal

A

FDR, three basic goals: relief, reform, recovery- Banking Holiday, gold standard gone ($ bills), FDIC (deposit protection)

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4
Q

“court-packing” proposal

A

Roosevelt’s proposal, extra judge in SC for everyone over 70-thought some were out of touch w nation needs

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5
Q

Neutrality Act of 1935

A

prohibited arms shipments and US travel on ships of belligerent nations

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6
Q

Neutrality Act of 1936

A

forbade loan and credit extension to belligerent nations

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7
Q

Neutrality Act of 1937

A

arms shipments not used in Spanish Civil War

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8
Q

Neutrality Act of 1939

A

“cash-and-carry” basis for EU dem buying American war materials

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9
Q

Lend-Lease Agreement

A

FDR authorized sale of surplus military equip while still being neutral

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10
Q

Manhattan Project

A

developed first nuclear weapons during WW2, led by US w support of Canada and UK

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11
Q

War Productions Board

A

supervised war production during WW2, FDR established it

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12
Q

Service Readjustment Act (“G.I. Bill”)

A

provided for college or vocational education for returning WW2 veterans

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13
Q

United Nations

A

replaced the League of Nations, new international peacekeeping organization, US joined which signaled end of isolationism

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14
Q

NATO

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

- defended dem nations of Western EU by using “collective security”

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15
Q

Warsaw Pact

A

communist alliance that the USSR led against NATO

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16
Q

“containment”/ George Kennan

A

official US policy toward communism, idea that US must prevent spread of communism

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17
Q

Korean War

A

communist North Korea invaded democratic South Korea

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18
Q

McCarthyism

A

making accusations w/o proper regard for evidence

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19
Q

Eisenhower Doctrine

A

stop communism from spreading to the Middle East

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20
Q

Federal Highway Act

A

improve transportation, US Interstate Highway System

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21
Q

John Foster Dulles

A

Sec of state, had policy called “brinkmanship”

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22
Q

Sputnik / the “space race”

A

Sputnik= first ever satellite, soviet union

US and USSR competed to be first to get to space

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23
Q

National Defense Education Act

A

passed in response to Sputnik launch, increased the technological sophistication and power of the US

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24
Q

Beat generation/ Beatniks

A

1950s stereotype, group of authors who literature explored and influenced American culture, disliked conformity

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25
Q

“Warren Court”

A

liberal, major role in fighting segregation

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26
Q

The Great Society

A

LBJ, dealt with mainly poverty and civil rights

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27
Q

Tonkin Gulf Resolution

A

authorized LBJ to wage war

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28
Q

My Lai Massacre

A

mass killing of unarmed civilians in South Vietnam

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29
Q

Tet Offensive

A

turning point, televised and made war seem less winnable

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30
Q

New Left

A

sought to end poverty, racism and Cold War politics

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31
Q

The Feminine Mystique

A

challenged gender roles, sparked second wave of feminism, Betty Friedan

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32
Q

Counterculture

A

rebellion against “the establishment,” took form of nonconformity, hippies

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33
Q

Gov. George Wallace

A

pro-segregation governor who ran for Pres and lost against Nixon

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34
Q

Vietnamization

A

US troops were taken out of Vietnam and Nixon replaced them w newly trained South Vietnamese troops

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35
Q

Détente

A

foreign policy created by Nixon, meant to relax tensions between US and the Communist World

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36
Q

Stagflation

A

when high inflation is coupled with high unemployment

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37
Q

War Powers Act

A

repealed Tonkin Gulf, limited presidents ability to wage war without consent

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38
Q

Camp David Accords

A

peace deal between Egypt and Israel

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39
Q

Iran-Hostage Crisis

A

52 citizens were held hostage in the American Embassy in Tehran

40
Q

Title IX

A

passed to end gender discrimination in federal funded programs

41
Q

Equal Rights Amendment

A

written to guarantee equal rights for women, never passed

42
Q

César Cháves

A

created UFW to help farmers get more pay and safer working conditions

43
Q

“Star Wars”

A

space-based nuclear defense system that was proposed by Reagan

44
Q

Reaganomics

A

reduce federal tax rates, reduce corporate tax rates, promote economic growth

45
Q

Mikhail Gorbachev

A

former general secretary of the communist party of the USSR

46
Q

Boris Yeltsin

A

first president of the Russian Federation

47
Q

“graying of America”

A

aging of the American population

48
Q

NAFTA (Clinton)

A

eliminated all tariffs between the USA, Canada and Mexico

49
Q

9/11 Terrorist Attacks

A

group of Al-Qaeda terrorists used planes to destroy two world trade center buildings

50
Q

The “War on Terror”

A

dominated US foreign policy, started after 9/11, meant to weed out terrorists

51
Q

Hawley-Smoot tariff

A

raised duties, signed by Hoover, made the depression worse

52
Q

Hoovervilles

A

nickname for towns that people lived in when they lost their homes during depression

53
Q

Dust Bowl

A

series of dust storms in the central U.S caused by many years of bad farming techniques

54
Q

Isolationism

A

opposition of the involvement of a country in international alliances, agreements, etc

55
Q

Appeasement

A

term for the British-French policy of attempting to prevent war by granting German demands

56
Q

Non-Aggression Pact

A

agreement between Hitler and Stalin not to attack each other

57
Q

Cash and Carry

A

US policy to aid Allies even though they were neutral, Britain + France could buy goods from US if they paid in full and transported them

58
Q

Japanese “relocation camps”

A

Japanese Americans, after attack on pearl harbor, a lot of them were put into War Relocation Camps

59
Q

Joseph Stalin

A

Russian leader, head of the Communist Party

60
Q

Winston Churchill

A

Britain’s new prime minister during WWII who pleaded for US aid

61
Q

Dwight D. Eisenhower

A

leader of the Allied forces in Europe then was elected to be Pres. of the USA

62
Q

Adolph Hitler

A

german leader of Nazi Party, rose to power by promoting racist and national views

63
Q

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

A

nuclear attacks during WW2 against Japan by the US

64
Q

Atlantic Charter

A

Churchill + FDR, promote democracy and intentions for improvement post WW2

65
Q

Executive Order 9066

A

allowed internment camps to be set up to exclude residents seen as threat

66
Q

War Productions Board

A

supervised war production during WW2, FDR established it

67
Q

U-2 incident

A

spy plan caught over the Soviet Union, embarrassed the US

68
Q

The home front

A

what Americans do at home while country is at war, during WW2

69
Q

Pearl Harbor

A

December 7, 1941

resulted in US entry into World War II

70
Q

Baby boom

A

after war, families had tons of babies, led to 20% population growth during the 50s + increasing consumer demand

71
Q

Suburbia

A

residential districts or suburbs outside the boundaries of a city or town

72
Q

Yalta Conference

A

Big 3 (FDR, Churchill, Stalin), dealt w/ postwar occupation and partition of Germany

73
Q

Potsdam Conference

A

Big 3, negotiated terms for WW2 compromise

74
Q

Iron Curtain

A

boundary between Soviet controlled Eastern European nations and democratic Western Europe

75
Q

2nd Red Scare

A

McCarthy, belief that New Deal policies were communistic

76
Q

Watergate Scandal

A

Nixon, involved break in of DC democratic headquarters, led to resignation

77
Q

Brown v. Board of Education

A

marked the end of legal segregation

78
Q

Thurgood Marshall

A

first African American to serve on the supreme court

79
Q

Rosa Parks

A

civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man, triggered civil rights movement

80
Q

Nonviolent Protest and Civil Disobedience

A

pushed by MLK Jr., process of pushing for civil rights w/o violence

81
Q

military-industrial complex

A

Eisenhower warned of this in his farewell speech, feared excessive Congressional spending

82
Q

Election of 1960

A

Kennedy vs. Nixon, Kennedy (due to televised charisma) won over Nixon (pale and nervous)

83
Q

Alliance for Progress

A

designed to improve relations with Latin America

84
Q

Peace Corps

A

used in hopes of inspiring American-style progress in the 3rd world

85
Q

The Other America

A

Michael Harrington, influential study of the poverty in the US, driving force behind the “war on poverty

86
Q

Silent Spring

A

Rachel Carson; book about dangerous chemicals

87
Q

Unsafe at any speed

A

Ralph Nader; book about speed limits and safety

88
Q

Vietnam War

A

fought between North Vietnam, supported by the Soviet Union, China, etc.—and the government of South Vietnam, supported by the United States, Philippines, etc.

89
Q

Silent majority

A

segment of the population who Nixon believed still supported the Vietnam war

90
Q

1st Gulf War

A

started when Hussein invaded the oil-rich Kuwait + threatened Western oil sources in Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf

91
Q

Globalization

A

regional societies, etc. become joined together through an international system of trade, trans., etc.

92
Q

Election of 2000

A

race was so tight it came down to Florida’s electoral vote

93
Q

2nd Gulf War

A

started when Bush sent troops to Saddam, refused to let UN search for weapons

94
Q

Patriot Act

A

strengthened gov’s power to spy on individuals

95
Q

Conservative Revolution

A

Reagan, resurgence in the conservative movement

APUSH Exam Review (4 decks)

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