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APUSH Exam Review > Antebellum America, Civil War Era, and Western Settlement > Flashcards

Antebellum America, Civil War Era, and Western Settlement Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

Nativism

A

favoring natives rather than immigrants

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2
Q

Cotton gin

A

Eli Whitney, removed seeds from the cotton

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3
Q

Lowell, MA

A

factory town (Lowell Girls)

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4
Q

Jacksonian Democracy

A

political power to the people, ensuring majority rule, “common man”

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5
Q

Spoils System

A

method of appointing officials to the government based on connections rather than on impersonal measures of merit

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6
Q

Hayne-Webster debate

A

argument between Daniel Webster and Robert Hayne about states’ right versus national power

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7
Q

Indian Removal Act

A

let Andrew Jackson negotiate land-exchange treaties w/ tribes living east of Miss.

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8
Q

2nd Great Awakening

A

religious movement which led to reform movements designed to remedy the evils of society

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9
Q

“Cult of Domesticity”

A

women= stay at home and no work outside of home

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10
Q

Seneca Falls Convention

A

launched the women suffrage movement

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11
Q

Mormons (migration)

A

they were persecuted and migrated to western states

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12
Q

Transcendentalism

A

liked to live a simple life and find nature

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13
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

Americans felt that the US should expand from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean, god-given right to the land

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14
Q

Compromise of 1850

A
  • Fugitive Slave Act- banned slave trade in DC- Cali=free- Split Texas territory- Pop sovereignty in Mexican Cession
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15
Q

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

A

Harriet Beecher Stowe, inspired by Fugitive Slave Act, influenced England’s view of the south and slavery

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16
Q

Kansas-Nebraska Act

A

pop sovereignty in Kansas/Nebraska

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17
Q

John Brown

A

attempted to lead a slave revolt by capturing armories

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18
Q

Dred Scott decision

A

ruled African Americans could not be citizens

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19
Q

Homestead Act

A

allowed settlers to acquire as much as 160 acres of land for living on it for five years, improving it and paying a fee of $30

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20
Q

Morrill Land Act

A

gave states land grants to build agricultural and mechanical colleges in the west

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21
Q

Freedman’s Bureau

A

set up to help former slaves adjust to freedom

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22
Q

Radical Republicans

A

democratize the south, establish public education, rights of free people, free blacks/black suffrage

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23
Q

Black Codes

A

restricted freedman rights

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24
Q

Sharecropping

A

tied blacks to certain plot of land

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25
Compromise of 1877
settled 1876 US presidential election, pulled federal troops out of south, ended reconstruction era, Hayes won over Tilden
26
Ghost Dance
ritual dance by Plain Indians to hasten the end of the war
27
Wounded Knee
last battle of Indian Wars, signaled end of armed resistance by Native Americans
28
Dawes Severalty Act
1887, tried to dissolve Indian tribes by redistributing the land
29
Helen Hunt Jackson
Author of "A Century of Dishonor," exposed the us gov and their broken promises to Native Americans
30
Johnson impeached
Violating Tenure of Office Act
31
Carpetbaggers
northerners who moved south
32
Scalawags
Southern Republicans
33
Battle of Little Big Horn
"Custer's Last Stand" which turned public opinion against Sioux
34
Plains Indians were mostly...
nomadic (traveling) horsemen
35
Joseph Gidden
patented modern form of barbed wire in 1874
36
John Deere
invented steel plow
37
Cyrus McCormick
invented mechanical reaper
38
The Market Revolution
U.S. economy evolves away from a subsistence economy to a more commercial economy
39
Irish Immigrants
many fled to America after the famines of the late 1840s in Ireland, resulted from an inedible potato crop
40
Sectionalism
loyalty to a particular region
41
Nat Turner's Rebellion
led a slave rebellion in Virginia, most famous slave revolt in US history
42
Underground Railroad
network of safe houses, used to bring slaves to freedom
43
John C. Calhoun
VP under Andrew Jackson, advocate of protective tariffs
44
William Lloyd Garrison
radical abolitionist who published The Liberator
45
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
co-founded the 1848 Women's Rights Convention held in Seneca Falls, New York
46
Frederick Douglass
African American abolitionist and publisher of the North Star
47
Lucretia Mott
helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention
48
Henry David Thoreau
wrote about his two years of solitary life at Walden Pond
49
Dorothea Dix
spoke against inhumane treatment of insane prisoners
50
Horace Mann
developed public schools
51
Harriet Tubman
leader of the Underground Railroad
52
Utopian Societies
ideally perfect place
53
Texas Revolution
armed conflict between Mexico and settlers in the Texas portion of the Mexican state
54
Republic of Texas
created March, 1836 but not recognized until the next month after the battle of San Jacinto
55
Oregon Treaty
brought an end to the Oregon boundary dispute by settling US and British claims to the Oregon country
56
Causes of Mexican-American War (1844-1846)
conflict after US annexation of Texas
57
Mexican-American War
Mexico still considered Texas its own
58
Results of Mexican-American War
- Rio Grande as US-Mexican Border - Mexico recognized the U.S. takeover of Texas - agreed to sell territory (including CA) for $15 million
59
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
ended Mexican-American War
60
Republican Party
founded by anti-slavery activists in 1854 who opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
61
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
debates between Lincoln and Douglas over issues such as slavery, made Lincoln popular
62
Fort Sumter
fort that the rebels attacked in 1861
63
1st Battle of Bull Run (1861)
VA, first major land battle
64
Battle of New Orleans (1862)
where British attempted to take over NOLA, Jackson defeated them which gave him a popularity boost
65
2nd Battle of Bull Run (1862)
Union General Pope defeated by Lee and Stonewall Jackson
66
Antietam (1862)
bloodiest battle in the Civil War
67
Gettysburg (1863)
turning point, made it clear that the north would win
68
Vicksburg (1863)
city surrenders to Grant, giving the entire Miss to union control
69
Appomattox Court House (1865)
Lee surrenders, Southern troops given generous terms of surrender
70
Border States
Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri - slavery legal in all 4 - Lincoln kept them in the union and they were important states
71
Union
Abraham Lincoln
72
Confederacy
Jefferson Davis
73
Union strategies
Anaconda Plan, Capture Richmond, control the Miss.
74
Confederacy strategies
capture DC, then cities
75
Union advantages
larger pop, economic resources, transportation, navy
76
Confederacy advantages
military leaders, "King Cotton" belief, defensive war
77
Presidential Reconstruction
president's idea of reconstruction: all states had to end slavery, states had to declare that their secession was illegal, etc.
78
Congressional Reconstruction
process led by the Radical Republicans, led to the usage of military force to protect blacks' rights
79
Ten Percent Plan
state could come back Union when 10 percent of the 1860 vote had to take an oath of allegiance to the U.S. and pledge to abide by emancipation
80
Grant administration scandals
corruption during Grant's presidency, Whiskey Ring took millions from Treasury, etc.
81
Redeemers
former slave owners, bitterest opponents of the Republican program in the South
82
KKK
purpose of the group was to kill and intimidate blacks, dressed in white sheets to look like ghosts of dead confederate soldiers
83
Transcontinental Railroad
the first railroad built that crossed the nation from the Atlantic to the Pacific
84
Frederick Jackson Turner; "Frontier Thesis"
claims included that the experience of expansion into the frontier had stimulated individualism, etc.
85
Refrigerated Railcar
revolutionized the meat industry

APUSH Exam Review (4 decks)

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