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APUSH Exam Review > Antebellum America, Civil War Era, and Western Settlement > Flashcards

Antebellum America, Civil War Era, and Western Settlement Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Nativism

A

favoring natives rather than immigrants

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2
Q

Cotton gin

A

Eli Whitney, removed seeds from the cotton

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3
Q

Lowell, MA

A

factory town (Lowell Girls)

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4
Q

Jacksonian Democracy

A

political power to the people, ensuring majority rule, “common man”

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5
Q

Spoils System

A

method of appointing officials to the government based on connections rather than on impersonal measures of merit

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6
Q

Hayne-Webster debate

A

argument between Daniel Webster and Robert Hayne about states’ right versus national power

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7
Q

Indian Removal Act

A

let Andrew Jackson negotiate land-exchange treaties w/ tribes living east of Miss.

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8
Q

2nd Great Awakening

A

religious movement which led to reform movements designed to remedy the evils of society

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9
Q

“Cult of Domesticity”

A

women= stay at home and no work outside of home

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10
Q

Seneca Falls Convention

A

launched the women suffrage movement

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11
Q

Mormons (migration)

A

they were persecuted and migrated to western states

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12
Q

Transcendentalism

A

liked to live a simple life and find nature

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13
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

Americans felt that the US should expand from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean, god-given right to the land

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14
Q

Compromise of 1850

A
  • Fugitive Slave Act- banned slave trade in DC- Cali=free- Split Texas territory- Pop sovereignty in Mexican Cession
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15
Q

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

A

Harriet Beecher Stowe, inspired by Fugitive Slave Act, influenced England’s view of the south and slavery

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16
Q

Kansas-Nebraska Act

A

pop sovereignty in Kansas/Nebraska

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17
Q

John Brown

A

attempted to lead a slave revolt by capturing armories

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18
Q

Dred Scott decision

A

ruled African Americans could not be citizens

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19
Q

Homestead Act

A

allowed settlers to acquire as much as 160 acres of land for living on it for five years, improving it and paying a fee of $30

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20
Q

Morrill Land Act

A

gave states land grants to build agricultural and mechanical colleges in the west

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21
Q

Freedman’s Bureau

A

set up to help former slaves adjust to freedom

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22
Q

Radical Republicans

A

democratize the south, establish public education, rights of free people, free blacks/black suffrage

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23
Q

Black Codes

A

restricted freedman rights

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24
Q

Sharecropping

A

tied blacks to certain plot of land

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25
Q

Compromise of 1877

A

settled 1876 US presidential election, pulled federal troops out of south, ended reconstruction era, Hayes won over Tilden

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26
Q

Ghost Dance

A

ritual dance by Plain Indians to hasten the end of the war

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27
Q

Wounded Knee

A

last battle of Indian Wars, signaled end of armed resistance by Native Americans

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28
Q

Dawes Severalty Act

A

1887, tried to dissolve Indian tribes by redistributing the land

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29
Q

Helen Hunt Jackson

A

Author of “A Century of Dishonor,” exposed the us gov and their broken promises to Native Americans

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30
Q

Johnson impeached

A

Violating Tenure of Office Act

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31
Q

Carpetbaggers

A

northerners who moved south

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32
Q

Scalawags

A

Southern Republicans

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33
Q

Battle of Little Big Horn

A

“Custer’s Last Stand” which turned public opinion against Sioux

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34
Q

Plains Indians were mostly…

A

nomadic (traveling) horsemen

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35
Q

Joseph Gidden

A

patented modern form of barbed wire in 1874

36
Q

John Deere

A

invented steel plow

37
Q

Cyrus McCormick

A

invented mechanical reaper

38
Q

The Market Revolution

A

U.S. economy evolves away from a subsistence economy to a more commercial economy

39
Q

Irish Immigrants

A

many fled to America after the famines of the late 1840s in Ireland, resulted from an inedible potato crop

40
Q

Sectionalism

A

loyalty to a particular region

41
Q

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

A

led a slave rebellion in Virginia, most famous slave revolt in US history

42
Q

Underground Railroad

A

network of safe houses, used to bring slaves to freedom

43
Q

John C. Calhoun

A

VP under Andrew Jackson, advocate of protective tariffs

44
Q

William Lloyd Garrison

A

radical abolitionist who published The Liberator

45
Q

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A

co-founded the 1848 Women’s Rights Convention held in Seneca Falls, New York

46
Q

Frederick Douglass

A

African American abolitionist and publisher of the North Star

47
Q

Lucretia Mott

A

helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention

48
Q

Henry David Thoreau

A

wrote about his two years of solitary life at Walden Pond

49
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

spoke against inhumane treatment of insane prisoners

50
Q

Horace Mann

A

developed public schools

51
Q

Harriet Tubman

A

leader of the Underground Railroad

52
Q

Utopian Societies

A

ideally perfect place

53
Q

Texas Revolution

A

armed conflict between Mexico and settlers in the Texas portion of the Mexican state

54
Q

Republic of Texas

A

created March, 1836 but not recognized until the next month after the battle of San Jacinto

55
Q

Oregon Treaty

A

brought an end to the Oregon boundary dispute by settling US and British claims to the Oregon country

56
Q

Causes of Mexican-American War (1844-1846)

A

conflict after US annexation of Texas

57
Q

Mexican-American War

A

Mexico still considered Texas its own

58
Q

Results of Mexican-American War

A
  • Rio Grande as US-Mexican Border
  • Mexico recognized the U.S. takeover of Texas
  • agreed to sell territory (including CA) for $15 million
59
Q

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

A

ended Mexican-American War

60
Q

Republican Party

A

founded by anti-slavery activists in 1854 who opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

61
Q

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

A

debates between Lincoln and Douglas over issues such as slavery, made Lincoln popular

62
Q

Fort Sumter

A

fort that the rebels attacked in 1861

63
Q

1st Battle of Bull Run (1861)

A

VA, first major land battle

64
Q

Battle of New Orleans (1862)

A

where British attempted to take over NOLA, Jackson defeated them which gave him a popularity boost

65
Q

2nd Battle of Bull Run (1862)

A

Union General Pope defeated by Lee and Stonewall Jackson

66
Q

Antietam (1862)

A

bloodiest battle in the Civil War

67
Q

Gettysburg (1863)

A

turning point, made it clear that the north would win

68
Q

Vicksburg (1863)

A

city surrenders to Grant, giving the entire Miss to union control

69
Q

Appomattox Court House (1865)

A

Lee surrenders, Southern troops given generous terms of surrender

70
Q

Border States

A

Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri

  • slavery legal in all 4
  • Lincoln kept them in the union and they were important states
71
Q

Union

A

Abraham Lincoln

72
Q

Confederacy

A

Jefferson Davis

73
Q

Union strategies

A

Anaconda Plan, Capture Richmond, control the Miss.

74
Q

Confederacy strategies

A

capture DC, then cities

75
Q

Union advantages

A

larger pop, economic resources, transportation, navy

76
Q

Confederacy advantages

A

military leaders, “King Cotton” belief, defensive war

77
Q

Presidential Reconstruction

A

president’s idea of reconstruction: all states had to end slavery, states had to declare that their secession was illegal, etc.

78
Q

Congressional Reconstruction

A

process led by the Radical Republicans, led to the usage of military force to protect blacks’ rights

79
Q

Ten Percent Plan

A

state could come back Union when 10 percent of the 1860 vote had to take an oath of allegiance to the U.S. and pledge to abide by emancipation

80
Q

Grant administration scandals

A

corruption during Grant’s presidency, Whiskey Ring took millions from Treasury, etc.

81
Q

Redeemers

A

former slave owners, bitterest opponents of the Republican program in the South

82
Q

KKK

A

purpose of the group was to kill and intimidate blacks, dressed in white sheets to look like ghosts of dead confederate soldiers

83
Q

Transcontinental Railroad

A

the first railroad built that crossed the nation from the Atlantic to the Pacific

84
Q

Frederick Jackson Turner; “Frontier Thesis”

A

claims included that the experience of expansion into the frontier had stimulated individualism, etc.

85
Q

Refrigerated Railcar

A

revolutionized the meat industry

APUSH Exam Review (4 decks)

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