Last Week Drugs Flashcards
Diphenhydramine and Chlorpheniramine
OTC first generation antihistamines; block H1, muscarinic, alpha adrenergic, and serotonin receptors
-cause sedation and drying of secretions, GI disturbances
Cetirazine, fexofenadine, Loratadine
new antihistamines; non-sedating
-kicked out of CNS by P-glycoprotein efflux pump
zileuton
inhibits 5-lipoxygenase (preventing synthesis of LTB4 as well as the peptide-leukotrienes)
-used for chronic asthma management
zafirlukast and montelukast
leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTD4 receptor, Cys LTR1)
- Zafirlukast: inhibits Cyt P450 isoenzyme (drug interactions)
- Montelukast: taken once a day without meal restrictions (prescribed more)
ketorolac, indomethacin, sulindac, ketoprofen, piroxicam
potent NSAIDs for severe pain; non-steroidal
-COX 1 and 2 inhibitors
celecoxib
selective COX2 inhibitor (increased risk of clotting)
acetaminophen
analgesic and antipyretic (not an NSAID)
-toxicity: liver failure
prednisone, methylprednisolone, betamethasone, dexathemasone
anti-inflammatory steroids
cyclosporine and tacrolimus
calcineurin inhibitors
- cyclosporine binds cyclophilin; renal toxicity
- tacrolimus binds FKBP; nephrotoxicity too
sirolimus and mycophenolate
anti-proliferative anti-metabolic drugs
- sirolimus: binds FKBP to block mTOR (blocks G1 to S progression); CYP3A4 substrate
- mycophenolate: inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) (imp. enzyme in de novo pathway of guanine nucleotide synthesis); blocks B and T cell synthesis; hematologic and GI toxicity
daclizumab and basiliximab
target IL-2 receptor
anti-thymocyte globulin
- binds thymocytes in circulation resulting in lymphopenia and impaired T cell immune responses
- Toxicity: serum sickness and nephritis
muromonab-CD3
- MAB against part of T cell receptor- causes T cell receptor complex to be internalized, preventing further Ag recognition
- cross linking when binding causes cytokine release syndrome
