Last Test Flashcards
Foreman and Croft classification grade one
No limitation of motion
No ligament injury
No neurological findings
Foreman and craft classification grade 2
Limited of motion
No ligament injury
No neurological findings
Foreman and craft classification grade 3
Limitation of motion
Some ligament injury
Possible neurological findings
Foreman and craft classification grade 4
Limit of motion
Ligament instability
Neurological findings
Fracture or disk irritation
Foreman and Croft classification grade 5
Injury requires surgical management or stabilization
Stage one whiplash
Acute inflammation phase
Up to 72 hours post accident
Stage two whiplash
Subacute repair phase
72 hours to 14 weeks
Stage three whiplash
Remodelling face
14 weeks to 12 months or more
Stage four whiplash
Chronic and permanent
Three collision types for whiplash
Type one is rear impact
Type two is side impact
Type three is front impact
For health history, questions for whiplash
What activities are difficult or painful to complete
What aggravates or relieves pain and symptoms
Which direction were you hit from front rear left or right?
Is this an insurance claim?
What are your activities of daily living?
Rear impact mechanism of injuries
Acceleration of head is much greater than the vehicle
More severe and long lasting symptoms arise from this vector of injury
Which impact is most researched
Rear impact is more researched because it is more severe and long lasting symptoms
Front impact mechanism of injury
Reverse mechanism of injury to rear impact collision
Might see it and brace
Torso accelerating backwards
Neck, hyper flexes, then hyperextends
May lead to more soft tissue damage
Absorbs impact stress
Seatbelts airbags headrest crumple zones may reduce injury
Side impact mechanism of injury
Mechanism of injury is initial lateral flexion of neck and torso towards side of striking vehicle then away
Little Protection except lap belt, which anchors pelvis
Severe sidebending in spine
Damage lumbar ligaments, disc muscles, as well as cervical and upper thoracic tissue
Side airbags introduced to help reduce these injuries
For legal implications for massage therapists regarding whiplash
The first 24 hours the client may be asymptomatic, refer to a physician if any acute injuries are suspected
Important to thoroughly document initial assessment, including all findings ( dysfunctional, or normal limits)
Pain and functional assessment questionnaires can be used to measure initial symptoms for medical insurance documentation
We can also request access records of other healthcare professionals treating the client
Three whiplash contraindications
One- avoid removing the protective muscle splinting of acute whiplash
Two - do not passively stretch a muscle that is in spasm
Three - joint play for the spine should not be painful
Stretch for whiplash
Client can simply move the neck through its range of motion, contracting antagonist muscles to create the stretch instead of using the hands to pull the neck into a stretch. Don’t overstretch.
Define torticollis
Abnormal positioning of the neck and head relative to the body
Latin and common term for torticollis
Derived from Latin “tortus” means twisted and “collum” means neck
Common term is Wry neck
Torticollis types
Acute acquired torticollis
Congenital torticollis
Spasmodic torticollis
Acute acquired torticollis contraindication
Do not passively stretch spasmodic muscles
Congenital torticollis contraindications
If working with infants use reduced pressure when treating contractures
Spasmodic torticollis contraindications
Painful techniques, joint play, and local direct massage are contraindicated as they may make spasm more pronounced
Define tension headache
A muscle contracture type headache usually associated with trigger points and other myofascial pain syndrome
Cause of tension headache
TriggerPoints that refer into head and neck
Two predisposing factors of tension headache
Sleep disturbance
Postural imbalance
TMJ disfunction
Define migraine
A Paroxysmal Neurological disorder with many signs and symptoms
Causes of migraine
Cause can be life-threatening disease or a minor complaint or anything in between
Unknown and genetics
Two triggering factors of migraine
Stress and hunger
Aggravating factor of migraine
Movement and trigger points
Define sinusitis
And acute or chronic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses
Two causes of sinusitis
Viral infection and bacterial infection
Two contraindications of sinusitis
Massage is contraindicated with a fever
Local lymph drainage is contraindicated with acute infection
Sinusitis pre-treatment hydrotherapy
Five minute facial steam to aid mucus drainage
Oils that can be used in sinusitis Massage
Eucalyptus
Cajeput
tea tree
Thyme
Lavender
Define emphysema
A disease that causes enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles and destruction of the alveolar walls
What does pink puffer mean?
A person struggling and over ventilating maintaining blood gas levels until later in disease
Two causes of emphysema
Over abundance of Proteolytic enzymes
Inherited lack of proteolytic enzyme, inhibitors
Three contraindications for emphysema Massage
Avoid placing client with severe emphysema in supine or prone position
Do not use postural drainage directly after client has eaten
Is indicated over boney prominences, floating ribs, and breast tissue
What is COPD?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder
What’s a common cause of COPD?
Tobacco smoke
What is cystic fibrosis?
A genetic disorder of the apocrine glands
Define chronic bronchitis
A condition that results in the production of purulent sputum for at least three months in a row over two consecutive years
What is blue bloater?
Cyanosis of skin and retaining weight
Causes of chronic bronchitis
Smoking and environmental factors
Two contraindications of chronic bronchitis
Don’t exhaust the client with over treatment or prolonged painful techniques
Do not use postural drainage directly after client has eaten
Lobes of lungs
Right (upper, middle, lower)
Left (upper, lower)
Asthma definition
Chronic inflammation disorders characterized by bronchospasms, which is reversible over time either spontaneously or following treatment. It comes from a Greek word meaning panting
3 examples of extrinsic asthma
Pollen, animal dander, foods and cigarettes smokes
3 examples to f intrinsic asthma
Weather changes, emotional stress, air pollution, fumes
2 CIs of asthma
Postural drainage is CI with severe hemoptysis, severe pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure, pulmonary embolism, severe hypertension or hypotension, recent heart attack and neurosurgery
Massage, lymph drainage and hydro CI in an acute attack
