Last Test Flashcards
Releasing and inhibiting hormones
Cause release of hormones from anterior pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Prolactin
Stimulates breasts to make milk
Anterior pituitary
Thyroid stimulating hormone TSH
Release of thyroid hormones
Anterior Pituitary
Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH
Release of Cortisol
Anterior Pituitary
Luteinizing Hormone LH
Follicle stimulating hormone FSH
Gamete production, sex steroid release
Anterior Pituitary
Antidiuretic Hormone ADH
Increase water reabsoeption in kidney tubules
Posterior pituitary
Oxytocin
Uterine contraction, milk ejection
Posterior pituitary
Thyroxin
Control metabolism
Thyroid
Calcitonin
Reduce blood calcium levels
Thyroid
Parathyroid hormone PTH
Increase blood calcium levels
Parathyroid
Aldosterone
Increase sodium reabsorption in kidney tubules
Adrenal Cortex
Cortisol
Chronic stress response
Adrenal cortex
Epinephrine
Stimulate fight or flight response
Adrenal Medulla
Insulin
Decrease blood glucose levels
Pancreas
Glucagon
Increase blood glucose levels
Pancreas
Melatonin
Regulates biological clock
Pineal gland
Estrogen and Progesterone
Gamete production, reproductive organ function
Ovaries
Androgens/Testosterone
Gamete production, reproductive organ function
Testes
Types of hormones that bind to receptor on inside
Lipid soluble
Types of hormones that binds to receptor ON membrane since cannot cross
Water soluble
Number of receptors increase with low hormone concentration
Up regulation
Number of receptors decrease with high hormone concentration
Down regulation
Development (eggs) happen outside mother
Oviparous
Occurs when fertilized eggs develop inside of a mother that provides protection but no nourishment
Ovoviparous
Embryo receives direct placental nourishment and results in live viable offspring (mammals)
Viviparous
Within the testes where sperm is made
Seminiferous tubules
Produced in the hypothalamus of the brain and causes release of the two gonadotropin hormones (LH and FSH) from the Anterior Pituitary
Gonadotropin releasing hormone GnRH
Released from Anterior Pituitary and results in sperm production
FSH follicle stimulating hormone
Release from Anterior Pituitary and causes testosterone release
LH luteinizing hormone
Remnants of follicle after ovulation that continues to produce female sex steroids
Corpus luteum
Occurs in oviducts
Fertilization
Diploid cell formed by fusion of egg and sperm
Zygote
Solid ball of cells
Morula
Hollow ball of cells
Blastocyst
Becomes skin and nervous system
Ectoderm
Becomes muscle and bone
Mesoderm
Becomes epithelial linings
Endoderm
Concerned with how an organisms structure, physiology, and behavior meet the challenges posed by its environment
Organismal Ecology
Analyzes factors that affect population size and how and why it changes through time
Population ecology
Examines how interactions between species such as predation and competition affect community structure and organization
Community ecology
Studies energy flow and chemical cycling between organisms and their environment
Ecosystem ecology
Include any living things
Biotic
Non living things such as temp, precipitation, sunlight availability
Abiotic
More affected by biotic factors
Density dependent
More affected by abiotic factors
Density independent
A relationship in which one organism is helped and the ither is neither helped or harmed
Commensalism
Relationship in which both organisms benefit
Mutualism
Relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed
Parasitism
Begins with rocky environment no soil and vegetation takes forever to grow
Ex: volcano
Primary succession
Begins with disturbance to an ecosystem with soil
Ex: forest fire
Secondary succession
Stable
Negative feedback
Crashes
Positive feedback
Rebuilds endometrium
Estrogen
Maintains endometrium
Progesterone
J shape curve chart
Exponential growth
S shaped growth chart
Logistic growth chart
More babies = less care
Fecundity
When logistic growth chart levels off it is called
Carrying capacity
Surviving with new techniques
Character displacement
First species to populate area usually lichen and hearty plants
Pioneer species
