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Study Abroad Bio 2 > Animal Nutrition And Digestive Systems > Flashcards

Animal Nutrition And Digestive Systems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Stain small organisms or food particles from surrounding medium

A

Filter feeding. Ex. Humpback whale has a baleen removing small fish from lots of water

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2
Q

Performed by animals that live in or on their food source

A

Substrate feeding. Ex. Caterpillar on a leaf

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3
Q

Suck nutrient rich fluid from a living host

A

Fluid feeding. Ex. Hummingbirds with flower nectar

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4
Q

Consuming large pieces of food

A

Bulk feeding. Ex. Humans

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5
Q

One opening serving as mouth and anus
Flatwoods, comb jellies, coral, jellie fish, anemones use this type of digestion

A

Gadtrovascular cavity

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6
Q

Two openings mouth and Anusara with tube connecting them
Earthworm and grasshoppers snd bird use

A

Alimentary canal

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7
Q

Food travels through?

A

Alimentary canal (GI tract)

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8
Q

Single chambered stomach (humans)

A

Monogastric

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9
Q

Multiple chambered stomachs allowing more space for fermentation (cows goats sheeps)

A

Ruminants

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10
Q

Trace a particle of food through human digestive system

A

Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Duodenum
Jejunum
Illeum
Cecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmund colon
Rectum
Anus

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11
Q

Breaks down starch

A

Amylase

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12
Q

Breaks down fats

A

Lipase

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13
Q

Breaks down proteins

A

Pepsin or Trypsin

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14
Q

Name all digestive enzymes

A

Salivary amylase
Pancreatic amylase
Lingual lipase
Gastric lipase
Pancreatic lipase
Trypsin
Pepsin

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15
Q

Role and location of bacteria in the GI tract

A

Colon houses bacteria that is important for fermenting indigestible carbohydrates. Also produces vitamins. Form of mutualism

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16
Q

Open circulatory systems

A

Insects crustaceans and many mollusks

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17
Q

Closed circulatory system

A

Annelids squids and all types of vertebrates

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18
Q

Two chambered hearts

A

Bony fishes

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19
Q

3 chambered hearts

A

Amphibians and reptiles

20
Q

4 chambered hearts

A

Birds mammals. Alligators

21
Q

SA node or natural pacemaker

A

Sinoatrial node

22
Q

Delays impulse before sending on to AV bundle

A

AV node

23
Q

Carries impulse along interventricular septum

A

AV bundle

24
Q

Carries impulse into each ventricle

A

Right and left bundle branches

25
Q

Spreads impulse to myocardium

A

Purkinje fibers

26
Q

The first heart sound “lubb”

A

Occurs when the AV valve closes

27
Q

The second sound “dupp”

A

Occurs when the seminar valves close

28
Q

A time when heart chambers contract

A

Systole

29
Q

A time when heart chambers relax

A

Diastole

30
Q

Contain hemoglobin with iron that allows for oxygen transport

A

Red blood cells

31
Q

Immune function

A

White blood cells

32
Q

Responsible for blood clotting

A

Platelets

33
Q

Contains the water proteins electrolytes lipids and glucose in blood

A

Plasma

34
Q

Functions of lymphatic system

A

Returns excess tissue fluid to circulatory system

Helps absorb fat in GI tract using lacteals

Immunity!

35
Q

Lymphatic organs

A

Thymus
Bone marrow
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Tonsils
Lymphatic nodules (appendix / MALT)

36
Q

Axt upon anything that molecule detects as foreign without the ability to remember specific threats
(Born with it)

A

Innate defenses

37
Q

Identifies specific foreign molecules typically leads ro memory cells ro quickly recognize pathogen again
(Learned)

A

Adaptive defenses

38
Q

Typically directed towards EXTRACELLULAR pathogens.
Refers to activation of B CELLS

A

Humoral immunity

39
Q

Directed toward INTRACELLULAR pathogens. Activation of T CELLS

A

cell mediated immunity

40
Q

T cells that secrete performing to lyse a cell

A

Cytotoxic T Cells

41
Q

T cells that secrete cytokines to enhance other immune response

A

Helper T cells

42
Q

Exposure to an antigen and producing an immune response

A

Natural active immunity

43
Q

Induced with a vaccine

A

Artificial active immunity

44
Q

When a mother passes antibodies to an infant via breast milk

A

Naturally passive immunity

45
Q

Injecting antibodies into a patient produced by another person or animal to provide immediate immunity

A

Artificial passive immunity

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