last one Flashcards
“All the learned behaviors, beliefs, norms, and values that are held by a group of people passed on from older members to newer members, at least, in part to preserve the group.”
- Race & ethnicity along with beliefs held by the group you identify with
- Passed on primarily through language
- Formally and informally taught through generations
culture
“I would rather have a Chinese patient over a Hatian patient because they are so much easier to take care of.”
racism
ranking one racial group above another
Is a belief
“I’ve been doing my best not to hire any Mexican nurses because they are always late to work.”
discrimination
act of selecting one group over another
something you do
“I’m getting a new admission who is obese. She’ll probably be asking me for snacks every five minutes.”
prejudice
idea/belief you have about a group before you interact with them
already a judgment you’ve made
Baseless, usually negative, preconceived belief, opinion, or judgment toward a group of people or a single person because of their membership in a certain group
prejudice
have against… Gender, race, religion, age, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status, etc
is without subsequent action. This patient is not affected if he does not know the physician’s assumption. However, prejudice without then subsequent decrease in the quality of care is rare.
prejudice (2)
All Black males who enter the ER with a gaping wound must have been shot.
prejudice example
behaviors of one group intended to have harmful or unequal effect on the members of another group
This is intended
individual discrimination
policies of the dominant group intended to have a harmful or unequal effect on minority groups
This is intended
institutional discrimination
policies of the group that don’t intend to be harmful or unequal, but in practice do have that effect on minority groups
Not intended
structural discrimination
A patient wearing a hijab is given unequal quality of healthcare due to her presumed affiliation with the Islamic faith
individual discrimination
A patient with no health insurance is kept on a stretcher in the hallway even though there are beds available
institutional discrimination
A patient’s partner wants to stay with the patient overnight, but the hospital only allows for parents/gaurdians, siblings, or spouses to spend the night.
structural discrimination
Form of oppression strictly based on one’s membership to a particular race
“The exercise of power against a racial group defined as inferior, by individuals and institutions with the intentional or unintentional support of the entire culture.”
Racism is the biggest contributor to health disparities, especially between Black and Whites
Racism
overt, conscious, and deliberate individual acts intended to harm, place at a disadvantage, or discriminate against racial minorities
individual racism
Any policy, practice, or procedure, or structure in business, industry, government, courts, churches, municipalities, schools, and so forth, by which decisions and actions are made that unfairly subordinate persons of color while allowing other groups to profit from the outcomes
institutional racism
The individual and institutional expression of the superiority of one group’s cultural heritage (crafts, history, traditions, language, and values) over another group’s, and the power to impose those standard upon other groups. (targeted at an entire culture)
cultural racisms
A White person who locks their car doors when a Black man walks by
Restrictive housing contracts to minorities based on race
The argument that all Gypsies are taught to steal
racism examples
- individual
- institutional
- cultural
“many immigrants don’t go to work, and engage in tax evasion”, “many Gypsies have a cultural predisposition for stealing”, “muslims get lots of children, take over our country and evade our culture” and “all Americans are idiots”.
cultural racism examples
Subtle form of bias- endorse racial equality- possess unconscious negative feelings about particular minority groups
Aversive racists view themselves as good, wholesome, moral and do not possess racist thoughts. - don’t think they’re racist
Not hatred or contempt. Rather, anxiety and discomfort.
The White dentist who does not believe his is racist is always “busy” when the Black patients check in.
Averse racism
Brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, and environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults to the target person or group
Happens at a subconscious level
Most likely to occur in healthcare delivery
racial microaggressions
Explicit, on an individual level
Verbal or non-verbal attack meant to hurt the victim through name calling, avoidant behavior, or purposeful discriminatory actions
A physician educating a family on an inherited disease tells them, “This is common of Oriental people.”
microassault
1 of racial microaggressions
Communications that convey rudeness and insensitivity and demean a person’s racial heritage or identity
More subtle than assaults- not considered aggressive
A Black woman with a lump in her brest is worried about cancer. She researches the best oncologist in town, who is also very expensive. The woman goes to a mainly White office, White waiting room. When the technologist takes her back for her scan she discusses the lump with her, which she has well researched. The surprised technician tells here she is very “articulate” about the disease.
microinsult
2 of racial microaggressions
Characterizations that exclude, negate, or nullify the psychological thoughts, feelings, or experiential reality of a person of color
A dentist is conversing with his Latino patient. In a nonchalant way the dentists tells the patient, “You speak really good English. Where are you from?” The patient responds that he is from Florida, and the dentist says, “yes, but where were you born?”
microinvalidations
3 of racial microaggressions
Theorists have argued that microaggressions are actually more damaging than outright racism because they are so small and can easily be ignored. The victim begins to self-doubt rather than becoming justifiably angry and feeling isolated rather than supported.
Results include distrust, anger, depression, anxiety, paranoia, abandonment of culture- “Playing white”
Patients might opt out of care altogether.
psychological outcomes
