LAST MINUTE PAPER 2 Flashcards
What is Globalisation?
The increasing interconnectedness of the world through flows of goods, services, people, capital & information.
What are the factors driving Globalisation?
- Technology (internet, mobile, transport)
- TNCs (outsourcing, global supply chains)
- Trade blocs (EU, NAFTA)
- International organisations (IMF, WTO, World Bank)
Who are the winners of Globalisation?
- NICs (e.g., China, India)
- TNCs
- Global consumers
Who are the losers of Globalisation?
- Exploited workers
- Environmental degradation
- Rural communities
What is the Global Shift?
The movement of manufacturing industry to Asia (e.g., China, Bangladesh).
What are the positive impacts of the Global Shift?
- Economic growth
- Urbanisation
- Higher wages
What are the negative impacts of the Global Shift?
- Exploitation
- Pollution
- Deindustrialisation in HICs (e.g., Detroit)
What are the measures of development?
- GDP
- HDI
- Gini coefficient (inequality)
What is an example of a winner in Globalisation?
China’s rapid economic growth.
What is an example of a loser in Globalisation?
Rural African communities left behind.
What are the two approaches to managing Globalisation?
- Protectionism
- Free Trade
What is Localism?
Initiatives like Transition towns and Fairtrade.
What defines a Place?
Place = Location + Meaning.
What are the two perspectives on place?
- Insider perspective
- Outsider perspective
What are Endogenous Factors?
Internal factors such as land use and demographics.
What are Exogenous Factors?
External factors such as migration and investment.
What is a consequence of Globalisation on place identity?
Homogenisation leading to clone towns.
What is Gentrification?
The process of renovating and improving a district so that it conforms to middle-class taste.
What is Regeneration?
The improvement of a place through investment and development.
What influences the perception of place?
Media representation, including films, news, and art.
What are the two types of data used for place perception?
- Quantitative Data
- Qualitative Data
What is the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?
A model that describes the transition of a country from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.
What characterizes Stage 1 of the DTM?
High birth rate and high death rate.
What characterizes Stage 5 of the DTM?
Low birth rate, low death rate, and an ageing population.
What is the Epidemiological Transition?
The shift from infectious diseases to lifestyle diseases in populations.
What is Food Security?
The availability of food and individuals’ access to it.
Fill in the blank: The debate between population and resources is represented by _______.
[Malthus vs. Boserup]
What are the climate change impacts on population?
- Rising temperatures
- Droughts
- Floods
- Migration
What are the two types of diseases related to environment?
- Waterborne (e.g., Cholera)
- Vector-borne (e.g., Malaria)
- Non-communicable (e.g., Obesity, heart disease)
What are examples of Sustainable Management?
- Population Policies (e.g., China’s One-Child Policy, France’s pro-natalist policy)
- Environmental Conservation (e.g., Reforestation, sustainable farming)
