LAST MINUTE PAPER 1

Question 1

What are the main stores in the Water Cycle?

Answer 1

Atmosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere

Question 2

What flows are involved in the Water Cycle?

Answer 2

Precipitation, infiltration, percolation, runoff, evaporation, transpiration

Question 3

What characterizes a drainage basin?

Answer 3

Open system → Inputs (rain) & Outputs (evaporation, river flow)

Question 4

What are some human impacts on the Water Cycle?

Answer 4

Deforestation, urbanisation, water abstraction (e.g., Colorado River)

Question 5

What are the main stores in the Carbon Cycle?

Answer 5

Atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere

Question 6

What processes are involved in the Carbon Cycle?

Answer 6

Photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, combustion, sequestration

Question 7

What human activities impact the Carbon Cycle?

Answer 7

Fossil fuels, deforestation, agriculture (e.g., Amazon Rainforest)

Question 8

What are some methods for carbon mitigation?

Answer 8

Carbon capture, afforestation, renewable energy

Question 9

What are the types of tectonic hazards?

Answer 9

Plate boundaries (destructive = subduction), hotspots (Hawaii)

Question 10

Differentiate between primary and secondary volcanic hazards.

Answer 10

Primary: lava, ash; Secondary: lahars, tsunamis

Question 11

What are the primary and secondary effects of earthquakes?

Answer 11

Primary: shaking; Secondary: tsunamis, landslides

Question 12

What conditions are necessary for the formation of tropical storms?

Answer 12

27°C+ water, Coriolis effect

Question 13

What was a significant impact of Hurricane Katrina?

Answer 13

Katrina 2005

Question 14

What are the key climate characteristics of hot desert systems?

Answer 14

Low rainfall (<250mm/year), high diurnal range (hot days, cold nights)

Question 15

Describe the soil characteristics in hot desert landscapes.

Answer 15

Sandy, infertile, little organic material, salinisation common

Question 16

What are the two main processes in desert environments?

Answer 16

Aeolian (Wind), Fluvial (Water)

Question 17

What is deflation in desert processes?

Answer 17

Removal of fine particles

Question 18

What is abrasion in desert processes?

Answer 18

Sandblasting

Question 19

What are examples of erosional landforms in deserts?

Answer 19

Yardangs (wind-carved ridges), inselbergs (isolated rock hills)

Question 20

What are examples of depositional landforms in deserts?

Answer 20

Dunes (barchan, star, transverse), alluvial fans, playas

Question 21

What causes desertification?

Answer 21

Overgrazing, deforestation, climate change, irrigation

Question 22

What are some management strategies for desertification?

Answer 22

Afforestation, water conservation (Great Green Wall, Sahel)