Last Chapters + Film Flashcards
what is animalism?
a religious system organized around a belief in an impersonal supernatural force
what is animism?
a religious system organized around a belief that plants, animals, inanimate objects, or natural phenomena have a spiritual or supernatural element
what is anthropomorphic?
an object or being that has human characteristics
what is a cargo cult?
rituals seeking to attract material prosperity
what is collective effervescence?
passion/energy arising when groups of people share the same thoughts and emotions
what is cosmology?
an explanation for the origin/history of the world
what is cultural appropriation?
act of copying an idea from another culture and in the process distorting its meaning
what is filial piety?
a tradition requiring that the young provide care for the elderly and in some cases ancestral spirits
what is magic?
practices intended to bring supernatural forces under one’s personal control
what are millenarians?
people who believe that major transformations of the world are imminent
what are monotheistic religious systems?
recognize a single supreme God
what are polytheistic religious systems?
recognize several gods
what are priests?
full-time religious practitioners
what is profane?
objects/ideas are ordinary and can be treated with disregard/contempt
what is a prophet?
someone claiming to have direct communication with eh supernatural realm and who can communicate divine messages to others
what is reincarnation?
the idea that a living being can begin another life in a new body after death
what is religion?
extension of human society and culture to include the supernatural
what are revitalization rituals?
attempts to resolve serious problems through a spiritual/supernatural intervention
what are rites of intensification?
actions designed to bring a community together, often following a period of crisis
what are rites of passage?
ceremonies designed to transition individuals between life stages
what does it mean for objects/ideas to be sacred?
set apart from the ordinary and treated with great respect/care
what is a shaman?
a part time religious practitioner who carries out religious rituals when needed, but also participates in the normal work of the community
what is a sorcerer?
an individual who seeks to use magic for their own purpose
what is the supernatural?
entities/forces not governed by natural laws
what does zoomorphic mean?
an object or being that has animal characteristics
what is a commodity chain?
series of steps a food takes from location where it’s produced to the store where it’s sold to consumers
what is an ethnoscape?
flow of people across boundaries
what is financescape?
flow of money across political borders
what is the Global North?
wealthier countries of the world (aka First World countries)
what is the Global South?
poorest countries of the world
what is glocalization?
adaptation of global ideas into locally palatable forms
what are habitus?
dispositions, attitudes, or preferences that are learned basis for personal taste and lifestyles
what is an ideoscape?
global flow of ideas
what is a mediascape?
flow of media across borders
what is neoliberalism?
ideology of free-market capitalism emphasizing privatization and unregulated markets
what is syncretism?
combo of different beliefs, even those that are seemingly contradictory, into a new harmonious whole
what is technoscape?
global flows of technology
what is cultural infrastructure?
values and beliefs of communities, states, and/or societies that make the imagining of a particular type of network possible
what is fabrication?
technique for reporting on research data involving mixing info provided by various people into a narrative account demonstrating the point of focus for researchers
what is Indigenous media?
media produced by and for Indigenous communities often outside of the commercial mainstream
what is mass communication?
one-to-many communication that privileges the sender and/or owner of the technology transmitting the media
what is media?
set of technologies connecting multiple people at one time to shared content
what are media practices?
habits/behaviours of people producing media, the audiences interacting, and everyone in between
what is technical infrastructure?
apparatuses bringing networks of technology into existence
what is photo voice?
research method putting cameras into people’s hands so they can make their own representations of their lives and activities
what are adaptive traits?
those that increase capacity to survive and reproduce
what is bicultural evolution?
interactions between biology and culture that have influenced human evolution
what is biomedical?
approach to medicine based on the application of insights from science
what is communal healing?
directs the combined efforts of the community toward treating illness
what is culture-bound syndrome?
illness recognized only within a specific culture
what is emotionalistic explanation?
illnesses are caused by strong emotions
what is epidemiological transition?
sharp drop in mortality rates as a result of improved sanitation and access to healthcare
what is ethno-etiology?
cultural explanations about the underlying causes of health problems
what is ethnomedicine?
comparative study of cultural ideas about wellness, illness, and healing
what is humeral healing?
seeks to treat illness by achieving a balance between the forces of the body
what are maladaptive traits?
decrease capacity to survive and reproduce
what is medical anthropology?
distinct sub-speciality within the discipline of anthro investigating human health and health care systems in comparative perspective
what is naturalistic ethno-etiology?
views disease as the result of natural forces
what is personalistic ethno-etiology?
views disease as the result of the actions of human/supernatural beings
what is the placebo effect?
response to treatment occurring because the person receiving the treatment believes it will work, not because of the treatment itself
what is a somatic?
symptoms that are physical manifestations of emotional pain
what’s a zoonotic?
diseases that have origins in animals and are transmitted to humans
what are the characteristics of the Sundance?
- annual ritual
- originated as initiation/rite of passage for boys becoming men
- among foragers
- communitive healing
why did the government attempt to wipe out the buffalo herds and how is this connected to the Sundance?
- plains communities were dependent on buffalo for many resources and were spiritually grounded in them
- efforts for Indigenous people to be civilized
how did Sundancers rationalize the transfer of what was originally a Plains tradition to the East Coast?
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