Chapter 2

Question 1

what is the other?

Answer 1

people whose customs, beliefs, or behaviours are different from one’s own

Question 2

what is armchair anthropology?

Answer 2

observing another culture w/o direct contact w/ people you study

Question 3

two examples of armchair anthros?

Answer 3

Sir James Frazer and Sir E.B. Tylor

Question 4

who created the first definition of culture?

Answer 4

Sir E.B. Tylor

Question 5

what did Sir E.B. Tylor believe?

Answer 5

1. culture is a complex whole
2. cultural evolutionism

Question 6

what is cultural evolutionism?

Answer 6

societies evolve from simple to advanced; savagery to barbarism to civilization

Question 7

who is Bronislaw Malinowski?

Answer 7

one of first ethnographers to do participant-observation

Question 8

what was the first modern ethnography?

Answer 8

the argonauts of the western pacific

Question 9

what does it mean to go native?

Answer 9

become fully integrated in a cultural group

Question 10

which culture theories developed in Europe?

Answer 10

functionalism and structural functionalism

Question 11

what is functionalism?

Answer 11

cultural traditions developed as response to basic human needs

Question 12

what is structural functionalism?

Answer 12

social structures serve to create social stability

Question 13

what did Bronislaw Malinowski believe in?

Answer 13

functionalism

Question 14

what did A.R. Radcliffe Brown believe in?

Answer 14

structural-functionalism

Question 15

who is Franz Boas?

Answer 15

moved away from cultural evolutionism to cultural relativism and participant observation

Question 16

who is the originator of American anthropology and why?

Answer 16

Franz Boas trained first generation of American anthros (Ruth Benedict, Margaret Mead, Alfred Koeber)

Question 17

contributions of Ruth Benedict?

Answer 17

culture gives patterns for thinking and behaving

Question 18

contributions of Alfred Koeber?

Answer 18

how cultures change over time and influence each other

Question 19

contributions of Margaret Mead?

Answer 19

learned cultural roles are more important than biology

Question 20

what did Franz Boas and his students emphasize?

Answer 20

need for enculturation and holism

Question 21

what is enculturation?

Answer 21

process of learning culture

Question 22

what is the Nuremberg Code?

Answer 22

established principles for ethical treatment of humans in research

Question 23

ethical issues of Bronislaw Malinowski?

Answer 23

diary had sexual fantasies and insensitive opinions about his subjects

Question 24

ethical issues of Napoleon Chagnon?

Answer 24

intentionally created conflict between subjects to study violent behaviour

Question 25

ethical issues of James Neel?

Answer 25

started measles epidemic in a population for his research