Chapter 2 Flashcards
what is the other?
people whose customs, beliefs, or behaviours are different from one’s own
what is armchair anthropology?
observing another culture w/o direct contact w/ people you study
two examples of armchair anthros?
Sir James Frazer and Sir E.B. Tylor
who created the first definition of culture?
Sir E.B. Tylor
what did Sir E.B. Tylor believe?
- culture is a complex whole
- cultural evolutionism
what is cultural evolutionism?
societies evolve from simple to advanced; savagery to barbarism to civilization
who is Bronislaw Malinowski?
one of first ethnographers to do participant-observation
what was the first modern ethnography?
the argonauts of the western pacific
what does it mean to go native?
become fully integrated in a cultural group
which culture theories developed in Europe?
functionalism and structural functionalism
what is functionalism?
cultural traditions developed as response to basic human needs
what is structural functionalism?
social structures serve to create social stability
what did Bronislaw Malinowski believe in?
functionalism
what did A.R. Radcliffe Brown believe in?
structural-functionalism
who is Franz Boas?
moved away from cultural evolutionism to cultural relativism and participant observation
who is the originator of American anthropology and why?
Franz Boas trained first generation of American anthros (Ruth Benedict, Margaret Mead, Alfred Koeber)
contributions of Ruth Benedict?
culture gives patterns for thinking and behaving
contributions of Alfred Koeber?
how cultures change over time and influence each other
contributions of Margaret Mead?
learned cultural roles are more important than biology
what did Franz Boas and his students emphasize?
need for enculturation and holism
what is enculturation?
process of learning culture
what is the Nuremberg Code?
established principles for ethical treatment of humans in research
ethical issues of Bronislaw Malinowski?
diary had sexual fantasies and insensitive opinions about his subjects
ethical issues of Napoleon Chagnon?
intentionally created conflict between subjects to study violent behaviour
ethical issues of James Neel?
started measles epidemic in a population for his research
