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E&I > Laser > Flashcards

Laser Flashcards

1
Q

LASER- acronym

A

LASER means light amplification by stimulated emission radiation​

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2
Q

Laser use

A

used to promote tissue healing , decrease pain and inflammation via NON-THERMAL mechanisms​

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3
Q

Light definition

A

Light is defined as the emission of electromagnetic waves, made of photons traveling in space, in or close to the visible range of the spectrum

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4
Q

Laser (3 characteristics)

A 
Invisible light energy in the visible red and near-	infra red band of the electromagnetic spectrum ​
                           ​
Monochromatic – 1 frequency only​
Collimated/directional-non-divergent​
Coherent - all waves in sync​
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5
Q

How laser delivers energy

A

Lasers deliver energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation at specific frequencies and wavelength

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6
Q

The intensity of energy reaching the body is greatest when

A

the energy output is high​
radiation source is close to the client​
the beam is perpendicular to the skin surface

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7
Q

Monochromatic Light Therapeutic Advantage

A

absorption targeted to specific , wavelength dependent photoacceptor molecules, called chromophores, buried within soft tissue​

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8
Q

Wavelength values

A

Visible light: ~400-650 nm​
Infrared light: >650-1300 nm​
Longer wavelength penetrates deeper​

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9
Q

Photo Diodes

A

LEDs- light emitting diodes​
SLDs-superluminous diodes​
Laser diodes

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10
Q

Light emitting diodes-LED’s

A

produce low intensity light,​
is not coherent or monochromatic​
spreads widely​
increases application time required​

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11
Q

​Supraluminous diodes-SLD’s

A

-produce high intensity,​
almost monochromatic light, not coherent​
spreads minimally​
requires shorter application times than LED’s ​
delivers energy to wider area than laser diodes​

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12
Q

Laser diodes

A

produce monochromatic, coherent and directional light​

deliver energy to small specific area​

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13
Q

LEDs

A

Most diffuse light ​
Widest frequency range​
Low power individually​
Best suited for treating large, superficial areas

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14
Q

SLDs

A

Less diffuse light​
Narrower wavelength​
Emit >power than LED’s​
Best suited for superficial, moderately deep areas, based on wavelength

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15
Q

Laser Diodes

A

Provide single wavelength light​
Very concentrated​
Best suited to treat small areas​
Delivers the most, deepest light to a single area of tissue

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16
Q

Power

A

The amt. of electromagnetic energy per unit time​
Laser applicator power is measured in milliwatts ​
1mW=1/1000 of a watt ​
Preset on each applicator​
Some units: Continuous vs. Pulsed

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17
Q

Laser diodes Power

A

5mW to 500mW​

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18
Q

Energy

A

total amt. of electromagnetic energy delivered over entire treatment time.​
Energy = power x time​
1J = 1 W x 1 sec​
The higher the power of the applicator, the shorter the treatment time​

19
Q

Energy Density

A

= power per unit area =J/cm2*​

* Preferred clinical measure 2-30 J/cm2​

20
Q

Energy density for acute conditions

A

Acute and superficial conditions - use lower​

energy doses

21
Q

Energy Density for chronic conditions

A

Chronic and deeper conditions - use higher energy doses

22
Q

Energy Density Parameters for soft tissue healing

A

5-16 J/cm2

23
Q

Energy Density for Fracture Healing

A

5-16 J/cm2

24
Q

Energy Density for acute arthrits

A

2-4 J/cm2

25
Q

Energy Density for chronic arthritis

A

4-8 J/cm2

26
Q

Energy density for lymphedema

A

1.5 J/cm2

27
Q

Energy density for Neuropathy

A

10-12 J/cm2

28
Q

Energy Density for acute soft tissue inflammation

A

2-8 J/cm2

29
Q

Energy density for chronic soft tissue inflammation

A

10-20 J/cm2

30
Q

Photobiomodulation

A

photochemical interactions between photons and healthy cells within and surrounding the soft tissue pathology
light unbinds nitric oxide, releases ATP, improves cell functions

31
Q

chromophores

A

the light absorbing part of molecule that gives it color

32
Q

best known chromophores

A

Hemoglobin (red blood)​
Melanin (skin darkening)​
Retinal rhodopsin (color vision)

33
Q

light stimulates chromophores in mitochondria triggering..

A

Mitochondrial cytochromes which triggers the process of photobiomodulation and increases the oxidative metabolism of mitochondria​

34
Q

Clinical Indications for Lasers and Light

A 
Soft tissue and bone healing​
​
Arthritis​
​
Lymphedema​
​
Neurological conditions​
​
Pain management

promotes use of LLLT for wound management, tendinopathies and pain​

35
Q

Effects of Laser and Light

A 
Promote ATP production by mitochondria​
​
Promote collagen production by fibroblasts​
​
Modulate inflammation​
​
Inhibit bacterial growth
36
Q

Wavelength LLT

A

600-904 nm

37
Q

Contraindications

A 
Malignancy​
​
Direct irradiation of the eyes​
Should always wear goggles opaque to the wavelength of the LASER​
​
Within 4 to 6 months after radiotherapy​
Radiotherapy increases tissue susceptibility to malignancy and burns​
​
Hemorrhaging regions​
May cause vasodilation and increase bleeding​
​
Over the endocrine glands​
May alter function of endocrine glands
38
Q

Precautions

A 
Low back or abdomen during pregnancy​
​
Epiphyseal plates in children​
​
Impaired sensation​
​
Impaired mentation​
​
Photophobia/light sensitivity​
​
Pretreatment with photosensitizer​
Acne medications
39
Q

Adverse Effects

A 
Transient tingling​
Mild erythema​
Rash​
Burning sensation​
Increased pain/numbness​
Burns from warm diode​
Fatigue
40
Q

Implications of Laser

A

Laser is non-thermal = OK for acute conditions​
​
Laser can be used for patients with metal implants and pacemakers

41
Q

Modalities used before Laser

A

Ice

vasoconstriction decreases blood flow, improving light penetration

42
Q

Modalities used After Laser

A

Massage, US, Estim

vasodilation increases blood flow, diminishing penetration of light

43
Q 
LLT Review
(definition, purpose, use)
A

the application of low power light energy in the ​visible red and near-infra red band of the electromagnetic spectrum ​
​
for the purpose of photoactivating cellular mechanisms via process called photobiomodulation​
​
leading to soft tissue repair and pain modulation​
​

E&I (10 decks)

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