Iontophoresis Flashcards
iontophoresis definition
transcutaneous delivery of medications in form of ions via the application of electrical current
most common med for ionto
dexamethasone
dexamethasone
used for inflammation, edema, and pain- anti-inflammatory corticosteroid
indications
analgesia calcium deposits keloids fungal infection hyperhidrosis inflammation ischemia scar tissue wounds
Anode charge
positive
Cathode charge
negative
Treatment Electrode
active delivery electrode containing medication
Dispersive Electrode
inactive- gel or saline electrode
Electromigration
electrical repulsions of ions
electroporation
ES increases porosity of superficial skin in startum corneaum
electro-osmosis
human skin has net engative charge
direction of ionic flow is from anode to cathode
which ions move toward cathode in electro-osmosis
water and Na+ toward cathose, creating a stream
electroosmotic bulk flow
anode to cathode.
anodic delivery current flows easier (+) since skin pores are negative (-)
cathodic delivery in skin
impeded
need to turn up current amplitude
permeability of skin
increases with current density
Skin response to cathode
greater response under cathode- alkaline reaction from formation of NaOH sodium hydroxide (increased skin pH)
Softens skin- increases risk of burns
Response to anode
more uncomfortable- need smaller electrodes
routes of penetration through skin
sweat glands
oil glands
hair follicles
Advantages of Ionto
better than oral meds
better than nasal delivery- better bioavailability
better than injections
Acidic Reaction
hydrochloric acid may form under the positive electrode- Anode
causes thickening of skin
Alkaline Reaction
Sodium hydroxide may form under the negative electrode- cathode
causes softening of skin
Burn can be minimized by
- increasing the size of the cathode relative to the anode
decreasing current density- use larger electrodes - increasing the space between electrodes
Anode
attracts, forms, process, effect
Attracts Cl-
Forms HCl
Process - Sclerotic
Effect - skin hardens
Cathode (attracts, forms, process, effect)
Attracts Na+
Forms NaOH
Process- Sclerolytic
Effect- skin softens
Current amplitude is determined by
patient comfort
Current Dosage
usually 40-80 mA, as high as 120mA
40-120 mA/min
Electrode size should be large enough so current density does not exceed
Cathode : 0.5 mA/cm2
Anode: 1.0 mA/cm2
treatment time
determined by machine
Current type for Ionto
Direct Current
Dexamethasone
corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory effects
recommended for tendonitis and bursitis
ions have negative polarity- medication is placed under cathode
Lidocane
anesthetic drug
ions have positive polarity- medication placed under anode
2nd most prescribed medication
Ionto Contraindications
Drug Allergies Skin sensitivity reactions to specific ions Metal in or near tx area Cuts or broken skin Tattoos
ES Precautions
Cardiac disease
Impaired Mentation or sensation
Malignant tumors
Skin irritation or open wounds
ES Contraindications
Demand Pacemakers or unstable arrhythmias
Over Carotid sinus. trans cervical area
Venous/arterial thrombosis or thrombophlebitis
Over the pelvis, abdomen, trunk and low back during pregnancy
Ionto SHOULD NOT be applied after
Heat
Ice
Ultrasound
Heat after ionto can cause
vasodilation
increased blood flow
accelerate drug to disperse away from targeted tissues
Ionto for plantar fascitis
use acetic acid or dex to decrease pain and increase functional outcome short term
Ionto summary
DC current Ion transport Liquis solution local/systemic effects Repelling electrical charge
