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E&I > Iontophoresis > Flashcards

Iontophoresis Flashcards

1
Q

iontophoresis definition

A

transcutaneous delivery of medications in form of ions via the application of electrical current

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2
Q

most common med for ionto

A

dexamethasone

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3
Q

dexamethasone

A

used for inflammation, edema, and pain- anti-inflammatory corticosteroid

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4
Q

indications

A 
analgesia
calcium deposits
keloids
fungal infection
hyperhidrosis
inflammation
ischemia
scar tissue
wounds
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5
Q

Anode charge

A

positive

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6
Q

Cathode charge

A

negative

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7
Q

Treatment Electrode

A

active delivery electrode containing medication

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8
Q

Dispersive Electrode

A

inactive- gel or saline electrode

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9
Q

Electromigration

A

electrical repulsions of ions

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10
Q

electroporation

A

ES increases porosity of superficial skin in startum corneaum

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11
Q

electro-osmosis

A

human skin has net engative charge

direction of ionic flow is from anode to cathode

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12
Q

which ions move toward cathode in electro-osmosis

A

water and Na+ toward cathose, creating a stream

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13
Q

electroosmotic bulk flow

A

anode to cathode.

anodic delivery current flows easier (+) since skin pores are negative (-)

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14
Q

cathodic delivery in skin

A

impeded

need to turn up current amplitude

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15
Q

permeability of skin

A

increases with current density

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16
Q

Skin response to cathode

A

greater response under cathode- alkaline reaction from formation of NaOH sodium hydroxide (increased skin pH)
Softens skin- increases risk of burns

17
Q

Response to anode

A

more uncomfortable- need smaller electrodes

18
Q

routes of penetration through skin

A

sweat glands
oil glands
hair follicles

19
Q

Advantages of Ionto

A

better than oral meds
better than nasal delivery- better bioavailability
better than injections

20
Q

Acidic Reaction

A

hydrochloric acid may form under the positive electrode- Anode
causes thickening of skin

21
Q

Alkaline Reaction

A

Sodium hydroxide may form under the negative electrode- cathode
causes softening of skin

22
Q

Burn can be minimized by

A
  • increasing the size of the cathode relative to the anode
    decreasing current density- use larger electrodes
  • increasing the space between electrodes
23
Q

Anode

attracts, forms, process, effect

A

Attracts Cl-
Forms HCl
Process - Sclerotic
Effect - skin hardens

24
Q

Cathode (attracts, forms, process, effect)

A

Attracts Na+
Forms NaOH
Process- Sclerolytic
Effect- skin softens

25
Q

Current amplitude is determined by

A

patient comfort

26
Q

Current Dosage

A

usually 40-80 mA, as high as 120mA

40-120 mA/min

27
Q

Electrode size should be large enough so current density does not exceed

A

Cathode : 0.5 mA/cm2

Anode: 1.0 mA/cm2

28
Q

treatment time

A

determined by machine

29
Q

Current type for Ionto

A

Direct Current

30
Q

Dexamethasone

A

corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory effects
recommended for tendonitis and bursitis
ions have negative polarity- medication is placed under cathode

31
Q

Lidocane

A

anesthetic drug
ions have positive polarity- medication placed under anode
2nd most prescribed medication

32
Q

Ionto Contraindications

A 
Drug Allergies
Skin sensitivity reactions to specific ions
Metal in or near tx area
Cuts or broken skin
Tattoos
33
Q

ES Precautions

A

Cardiac disease
Impaired Mentation or sensation
Malignant tumors
Skin irritation or open wounds

34
Q

ES Contraindications

A

Demand Pacemakers or unstable arrhythmias
Over Carotid sinus. trans cervical area
Venous/arterial thrombosis or thrombophlebitis
Over the pelvis, abdomen, trunk and low back during pregnancy

35
Q

Ionto SHOULD NOT be applied after

A

Heat
Ice
Ultrasound

36
Q

Heat after ionto can cause

A

vasodilation
increased blood flow
accelerate drug to disperse away from targeted tissues

37
Q

Ionto for plantar fascitis

A

use acetic acid or dex to decrease pain and increase functional outcome short term

38
Q

Ionto summary

A 
DC current
Ion transport
Liquis solution
local/systemic effects
Repelling electrical charge

E&I (10 decks)

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