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E&I > Electrotherapy > Flashcards

Electrotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

Therapeutic Effects of Electrotherapy

A 
Decreased edema​
Decreased pain​
Eliminate disuse atrophy​
Facilitate bone repair​
Facilitate wound healing
Improved range of motion​
Increased circulation​
Muscle re-education​
Muscle strengthening​
Relaxation of muscle spasm
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2
Q

Indications for Electrotherapy

A 
Labor and Delivery​
Muscle spasm​
Spasticity/reduce hypertonicity​
Open wound/ulcer​
Pain modulation​
Stress incontinence​
Shoulder subluxation
Edema reduction​
Decreased range of motion​
Denervated muscle​
Fracture​
Muscle Re-education​
Joint effusion​
Disuse atrophy (muscle weakness)
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3
Q

Purpose of muscle contractions via Electrotherapy

A

Electrically stimulated muscle contractions may be used for the following purposes:​
Promote muscle strengthening & reducation​
Prevent atropy, DVT’s & pressure ulcers​
Reduce muscle spasm

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4
Q

Clinical Applications if Electrotherapy in Rehab

A 
Pain control-acute, chronic, postsurgical​
​
Promotion of tissue healing​
​
Enhancement of transdermal drug therapy
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5
Q

4 FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF​ CHARGE

A

There are two types of charge-positive and negative.​
Like charges repel while opposites attract​
Charge is neither created nor destroyed​
Charge can be transferred from one object to another

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6
Q

Definition of Polarity

A

term used to indicate the relative charge of the terminals or leads of an electrical circuit ​

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7
Q

Cathode

A

(-) LEAD/ATTRACTS (+) CHARGED PARTICLES (CATIONS)

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8
Q

Anode

A

(+) LEAD/ATTRACTS (-) CHARGED PARTICLES (ANIONS)

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9
Q

Voltage

A

The magnitude of the difference between the positive and negative poles is the voltage

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10
Q

Electromotive Force

A

electrical potential difference between two points in an electrical field or the force that makes charged particles move
EMF is required to depolarize a membrane and is therefore needed to force a large number of electrons through the conductive media of the body tissues​

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11
Q

Conductor

A

materials which tend to give up their electrons easily and readily allow electron movement/flow within them ​
ex. Metal, water, copper, gel, sponges​
Human body: muscle, nerve, blood

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12
Q

Insulator

A

materials in which charges are not free to move around​
ex. Rubber, plastic​
Human body: adipose tissue/fat

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13
Q

Conductance

A

ease with which charged particles move in a medium

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14
Q

higher the ___ content, the better the tissues will conduct

A

the higher the H20 content, the better the tissues will conduct

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15
Q

Current

A

The directed flow of free electrons from one place to another​
The unit of current is the AMPERE (A)​
1 A = 6.25 x 1018 electrons/second or 1A=1C/sec​
Current flow is directly proportional to voltage​
Current is direct or pulsatil

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16
Q

Ohms Law

A

I = V/R

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17
Q

Resistance

A

specific to the flow of ​ direct electrical current

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18
Q

Impedance

A

Resistance to current flow​ when an alternating current is applied​
frequency dependent​

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19
Q

Direct Current

A

Continuous or uninterrupted flow of charged particles in 1 direction for greater than 1 second​
Greater potential for chemical reaction under electrodes

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20
Q

Therapeutic Use of DC

A

Iontophoresis​

stimulating contractions in denervated muscle

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21
Q

Alternating Current (AC)

A

Continuous bidirectional flow of charged electrons and must change direction ​
AC has equal ion flow in each direction, no pulse charge is retained by tissue

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22
Q

Therapeutic Use of AC

A 
Pain control (Interferential premodulated)​
Muscle contraction (Russian protocol)
23
Q

3 Types of Medium Frequency AC Current

A

Interferential current​
Premodulated current​
Russian protocol

24
Q

Pulsatile Current

A

An interrupted flow of charged electrons​
​
Current flows in a series of pulses which periodically ceases for a finite period of time (for less than 1 second)​
​
Can be monophasic or biphasic

25
Q

Monophasic ​PC

A

Tissue healing​

Acute Edema mgt.

26
Q

Biphasic PC

A

Pain

27
Q

Current Density

A

The amount of current per unit area​

Ratio of maximum current amplitude to electrode stimulating surface area

28
Q

__ electrodes have more current density than ___ electrodes

A

Smaller electrodes will have more current density than larger electrodes

29
Q

Current Characteristics of Small Electrodes

A

Increased current density​
Increased impedance​
Decreased current flow

30
Q

Current Characteristics of Large Electrodes

A

Decreased current density​
Decreased impedance​
Increased current flow

31
Q

Phase Duration

A

elapsed time from beginning to end of 1 phase (may be referred to as phase width)​

32
Q

Pulse Duration

A

elapsed time from beginning to end of all phases within a pulse, measured in microseconds(μsec)​

33
Q

Pulse Rate

A

(frequency)

the number of pulses per measure time

34
Q

Amplitude

A

Magnitude of current

Intensity

35
Q

T/F Increasing F will recruit more motor units

A

False

36
Q

Tetany (definiton and frequency)

A

tetany occurs when tension generation doesnt have time to decrease between APs and is sustained
20-50 pps

37
Q

Muscle Twitch Frequency

A

1-10pps

38
Q

On/ Off Time

A

Prevent fatigue during muscle contraction

39
Q

Ramp up/ Ramp down

A

Allows a patient to be more comfortable with muscle contraction

40
Q

Rise Time

A

time required for a single phase to reach peak amplitude

41
Q

Effects of Electrical Currents

A

Stimulation of APs in nerves (NMES)
AP propogation
Direct muscle depolarization (EMS)
Ionic Effects

42
Q

Action Potential

A

achieved by rapid sequential depolarization and repolarization in response to stimulation

43
Q

Strength Duration Curve

A

the amount of electricity needed to produce an AP is dependent on the type of nerve
Curve depicts the minimum combination of amplitude and pulse duration needed to depolarize a nerve
sensory< motor < a motor or C pain fibers < denervated muscles

44
Q

Strength duration of sensory nerves

A

lower amplitudes and shorter pulse durations to become depolarized
<80 usec

45
Q

Strength duration of motor nerves

A

higher amplitudes and longer pulse durations than sensory nerves
150-300 usec

46
Q

Strength duration of Pain transmitting C fibers

A

require higher amplitudes and longer pulses than motor and sensory nerves

47
Q

Rheobase

A

minimum current amplitude required to produce AP (w long pulse duration)

48
Q

Chronaxie

A

the minimum duration of an electrical current at twice rheobase intensity

49
Q

Accomodation

A

decrease in a nerve’s AP frequency over time when exposed to an unchanging depolarization stimulus

50
Q

Electrical Muscle Stimulation

A

Application of electrical current directly to muscle to produce muscle contraction needed for stimulation of denervated muscle

51
Q

Ionic Effects of Electrical Current

A

Treat inflammatory states
Facilitate tissue healing
Reduce formation of edem

52
Q

Contraindications to Electrotherapy

A 
demand cardiac pacemaker
unstable arrythmia
over carotid
over venous thrombosis
pregnancy
53
Q

Precautions to Electrotherapy

A

cardiac disease
impaired sensation or mentation
malignancy
skin irritation/ open wound

E&I (10 decks)

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