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PTI II part 2 > Laser > Flashcards

Laser Flashcards

1
Q

indications for laser therapy

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

neck and shoulder musculoskeletal pain

wound healing

musculoskeletal conditions

trigger points

inflammatory conditions

acute and chronic pain

chronic joint disorders

neuralgia

diabetic neuropathy

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2
Q

benefits of laser therapy

A

increase circulation

relief of minor muscle and joint aches

relief of pain and stiffness (associated with arthritis)

muscle spasms

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3
Q

contraindications for LLLT

A

no significant adverse effects

cancer

direct irradiation to eyes

photophobia (sensitivity to light)

photosensitizing medication

direct irradiation over fetus or uterus during pregnancy

direct irradiation over thyroid gland

symptoms of unknown cause

over hemorrhaging lesions or epiphyseal plates

transplant or autoimmune suppressed pts

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4
Q

LASER acronym

A

light (photons)

amplification by

stimulated

emission of

radiation

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5
Q

physiological effects of LLLT

A

light absorption

absorption in mitochondria

increased ATP synthesis

increased protein synthesis and cell proliferation

tissue repair and pain control

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6
Q

classification of lasers

A

class 1

class 2

class 3a

class 3b

class 4

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7
Q

class 1

A

power very low <0.5 mW

later printers

CD players

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8
Q

class 2

A

low <1 mW

diffuse output

grocery scanner

laser pointer

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9
Q

class 3a

A

power <5 mW (low)

laser pointer

very low power LLLT devices

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10
Q

class 3b

A

power <500 mW (medium power)

LLLT

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11
Q

class 4

A

high power >500 mW

surgical lasers

industrial lasers

LCT 1000 laser therapy

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12
Q

which laser classification is visible

A

3b

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13
Q

history maiman

A

used ruby crystal as the amplifying medium w/in lasing

ruby emits red light (visible)

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14
Q

history endre mester

A

used ruby laser to destroy tumors in lab rats

believed to be high power tissue destroying laser

healed surgical incisions faster

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15
Q

mester’s early work

A

changed his research agenda to tissue healing applications of laser

showed fast healing of…

experimental skin defects

diabetic skin ulcers

venous insufficiency

bedsores

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16
Q

production of therapeutic light

A

pumping of atoms inside a tube causes electrons causing them

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17
Q

laser radiation characteristics

A

monochromatic

coherent

collimated

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18
Q

monochromatic

A

one color

one frequency

one wavelength

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19
Q

coherent

A

all waves are in phase

light waves match identically in timing and spacing

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20
Q

collimated

A

light (photons) is focused w/ almost no divergence

remains well focused as it moves thru tissue

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21
Q

parameters

A

wavelength

power

continuous of pulsed

energy density

treatment duration

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22
Q

wavelength

A

measured in nanometers

distance b/w 2 peaks of a wave

lambda is the symbol

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23
Q

what wavelengths are used in rehab

A

600-1000

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24
Q

what wavelengths penetrate deeper

A

longer

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25
Q

which is longer, infrared or red wavelengths

A

infrared

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26
Q

short wavelengths

A

visible red

superficial target tissue

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27
Q

approx short wave lengths

A

620-695 nm

28
Q

HeNe short wavelength

A

633 nm

29
Q

ruby short wavelength

A

695 nm

30
Q

penetration of short wavelength

A

3-4 nm

31
Q

when is short wavelengths used

A

skin wounds

trigger points

LED

32
Q

longer wavelengths (infrared)

A

gallium aluminum arsenide (GaAIAs)

classified as diode lasers

33
Q

infrared wavelength

A

760-1000 nm

34
Q

ratio of gallium and aluminum

A

varies to create devices of different wavelengths

35
Q

deeper penetration of infrared

A

30-40 nm

36
Q

examples of infrared

A

SLD

laser

37
Q

depth of penetration from low to high

A

LED –> .5 cm

SLD –> 2.5 nm

Laser –> 5 cm

38
Q

light sources

A

low level laser therapy

super luminous diode

light emitting diode

cluster probes (combos)

39
Q

low level laser therapy

A

laser diode

collimated light (very focused)

monochromatic

coherent

40
Q

approx wavelength for low level laser therapy

A

760-1000 nm

penetrate deeper

41
Q

super luminous diode (SLD)

A

non-coherent

indicated for treatment of superficial tissue

42
Q

how do SLDs resemble laser

A

produce monochromatic collimated light

less focused

43
Q

approx wavelength for SLD

A

660-880 nm

depth of penetration is less diode but typically greater than LEDs

44
Q

light emitting diode (LED)

A

non-collimated (significantly less focused)

non-coherent

indicated for treatment of very superficial tissue

45
Q

approx wavelength for LED

A

620-690 nm

minimal penetration (several mm)

46
Q

cluster proves (combos)

A

laser diodes can be combined w/ SLDs and LEDs to form a diode cluster

important to know what the cluster is compromised of

47
Q

when are cluster probes indicated

A

treating larger areas

48
Q

power

A

measured in milliwatts (mW)

usually preset in the device

49
Q

LLLT uses power…

A

less than 500 mW

50
Q

higher power levels

A

in new generation devices decrease necessary time

enhance penetration

51
Q

how can power decrease

A

by pulsing

52
Q

power density

A

measured in W/cm2 or mW/cm2

described the average power per unit area of the beam

area of the beat is fixed

unit or measurement used in ultrasound therapy

53
Q

energy

A

measured in joules (J)

1J = 1 Watt x sec

54
Q

when you increase power (mW)

A

decrease treatment time

55
Q

50 mW

80 sec

A

4 joules delivered

56
Q

100 mW

40 sec

A

40 joules delivered

57
Q

500 mW

8 sec

A

4 joules delivered

58
Q

energy density

A

measure in joules/cm2

describes energy delivered per unit area

“amount of energy falling on a surface”

59
Q

optimal dose of energy

A

response relationships for different tissues and conditions continues to be studied

60
Q

acceleration of healing energy density

A

doses in the range of 1.0-6.0 J/cm2

61
Q

consideration for increasing depth of penetration

A

longer wavelengths

highly collimated beam (laser not SLD/LED)

increase power

62
Q

clinical implications LLLT devices w/ longer wavelengths w/ higher power (mW)

A

deeper muscles

tendons

ligaments

63
Q

clinical implications –> depth of penetration can be enhanced using

A

longer wavelengths (infrared)

greater power (mW)

collimated beam (laser not SLD/LED)

64
Q

application technique

A

clean skin w/ alc prior to treatment

no coupling media is used

stationary technique

maintaining firm direct contact w/ intact skin to increase depth of penetration

protective eyewear

65
Q

delivering the treatment

A

choose a dosage (J/cm) based on best available evidence

device will automatically calculate the treatment time

choose either to leave the device on continuous or select a specific pulse frequency (Hz) if available

press start

66
Q

delivering treatment pt 2

A

place applicator in firm contact w/ pts skin and press button on applicator to administer treatment

treat area under with probe with the number of seconds/minutes indicated

repeat procedure for every area being treated

depending on the size of the target area, multiple applications may be necessary to cover all the symptomatic area

PTI II part 2 (9 decks)

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