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PTI II part 2 > electrotherapy > Flashcards

electrotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

indications

A

pain control

strengthening of muscles

promote tissue repair

deliver meds

urinary dysfunction

edema management

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2
Q

contraindications

A

pacemakers or implanted stimulators

over infections

metal implants

nerve sensitivity

epilepsy

thrombus/thrombophlebitis

over carotid sinus

electronic monitoring systems

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3
Q

precautions

A

pregnancy

cancerous lesions

altered mental status

abnormal sensation

irritated area

thoracic region

over reproductive organs

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4
Q

electrode placement

A

sensory –> close together

motor –> further apart

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5
Q

electrode size

A

small –> small areas

large –> large areas

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6
Q

what does using one small and one large electrode do

A

help intensify the stimulation under the small electrode

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7
Q

parameters

A

amplitude

pulse duration

frequency

duty cycle

ramp time

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8
Q

amplitude

A

the intensity

current flow delivered to electrodes measured in milliamps

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9
Q

pulse duration

A

time it takes one pulse to complete its cyccle

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10
Q

frequency

A

pulses per second or the pulse rate

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11
Q

duty cycle

A

used w/ NMES for motor response

refers to the pattern of on and off sequencing

can be equated by the percentage of time on divided by the sum on the one and off time

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12
Q

ramp time

A

period of time during which the amplitude of the stimulus is gradually increased (ramp up) or decreased (ramp down)

allows pt to accommodate to the increase in the intensity

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13
Q

ramp up

A

prevent a sudden violent contraction that would be painful and potentially damaging

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14
Q

ramp down

A

has little impact on comfort and no impact on treatment safety

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15
Q

types of contraction

A

DC

AC

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16
Q

DC current

A

characterized as steady, continuous, unidirectional flow of electrons

17
Q

indications of DC

A

administer meds via iontophoresis

wound healing

stimulating denervated muscles

18
Q

stimulation to denervated muscles –> DC

A

the muscle itself is being stimulated and the muscle membrane depolarizes

–> this requires posterization to depolarize the muscle of 10 milliseconds or longer

contractile properties of muscle are maintained while awaiting reinnervation which prevents atrophy

a combo does no occur

19
Q

NMES for strengthening –> amplitude

A

strong motor within pts tolerance

20
Q

NMES for strengthening –> pulse duration

A

continuous

but stim can be interrupted every 500 milliseconds

start w/ 500 and decrease 500, 100, 10

21
Q

NMES for strengthening –> treatment duration

A

10-15 contractions

1-3x daily

start with few denervation is new

22
Q

NMES for strengthening –> time

A

15 contractions

23
Q

AC

A

continuous flow of electrons that changes direction

2 terminals alternatively change from positive to negative

24
Q

AC indications

A

muscle strengthening of innervated muscles

pain modulation

edema control

25
Q

AC characteristics

A

sinusiodal waveform

26
Q

neurophysiological response AC

A

sensory response

motor response

27
Q

sensory response –> AC

A

pain modulation

28
Q

motor response –> AC

A

tetany for muscle strengthening via NMES

sub tetany for pain modulation and chronic edema

29
Q

pulsatile

A

aka russian

inter pulse intervals resulting in noncontinuous current

monophasic

biphasic

polyphasic

pulsed monophasic

pulsed biphasic

pulsed polyphasic

30
Q

pulsed monophasic

A

can be unidirectional

looks like DC but is shortter and duration has interruptions

less strength than DC

31
Q

pulsed biphasic

A

two phase

bidirectional wave

has one negative and one positive phase

similar to AC and that the electrodes change polarity

32
Q

polyphasic pulsed

A

bidirectional wave with 3 or more phases in bursts

33
Q

NMES for strengthening parameters –> polyphasic pulsed

A

amplitude –> strong motor

burst duration –> 10 milliseconds, very high

burst frequency –> 50, high

duty cycle –> start at 1:5 and progress to 1:1 with on time up to 10 seconds

time: 10-15 contractions, 3-5 times a week

ramp time–> 3-5 seconds

34
Q

strength duration curve

A

displays the amount of electrical current required to produce an action potential

motor need the most electrical current

35
Q

nerves

A

the larger the fiber and the more superficial –> more easily it can be to stimulate

large sensory fibers are more excitable than motor fibers, which are more excitable than pain fibers

type A, B, C fibers

36
Q

type a fibers

A

large diameter

conduct APs most rapidly

can be sensory and motor

37
Q

type b fibers

A

medium diameter

autonomic motor nerves

38
Q

type c fibers

A

smallest and slowest

sensory nerves

39
Q

adaptation

A

nerve cell will not generate an AP after a period of time –> no longer responding to electrical current

in order to stop adaptation –> increase intensity or modulation

PTI II part 2 (9 decks)

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