Laser Flashcards
What does LASER stand for?
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
What are advantages of Laser?
Lack of hemorrhage, prompt healing, minimal post-op discomfort, less surgical time
Pick et al. 1985
Who developed the Nd:YAG laser for dentistry?
Myers & Myers 1985
What can Laser be used on?
Caries (Stern & Sognnaes 1965)
Phenytoin Hyperplasia (Pick 1985)
What are FDA marketed things that are good about Nd:YAG?
New Tech
Fewer shots
Less anesthesia
Reduced anxiety
What are the 4 types of interaction with tissues?
Aoki et al. 2004
Scattering
Transmission
Absorbtion
Reflection
Define Scattering
Energy is weakened and produces no effect on tissue
Define Transmission
Energy goes through the tissue, with no effect on it based on wavelength of laser
Define Absorbtion
Energy is absorbed by the tissue based on tissue characteristic and wavelength and emission of laser
Define Reflection
Energy is redirected off of the tissue, with no effect on it based on the distance from the laser to the tissue
What lasers are used for soft tissue?
Argon, CO2, Nd:YAG, Diode
What tissues are used for hard tissues?
Er:YAG, Er,Cr:YSSG
What is the photodynamic theory
insert a photosensitizer (iodine) and emmit laser - it is absorbed by the photosensitizer and
Conclusion on photodynamic is its a short term benefit in perio - not long term (Chamberlin)
What is the wavelength of Er:YAG?
2940nm
What types of waveforms exist for laser?
Continuous, gate-pulse w/ continuous, free-running pules
What delivery systems are used for laser?
Flexible hollow waveguide
glass fiber optic
What is the wavelength of Diode lasers?
805-980nm (Slot et al. 2014)
What is the wavelength of Er:YAG? What does it coincide with?
2940nm
Absorption peak of water
What does Er:YAG stand for?
Erbium - doped yttrium aluminum garnet
How does the water absorption of Er:YAG compare with other lasers? What does this mean?
2.5x > than Er/Cr:YSGG
109x > than CO2
15,000x > than Nd:YAG
Means Er:YAG is better for ablation of oral soft tissues and modification of dental hard tissues including bone (Ishikawa et al. 2009)
How doe Er:YAG laser compare to SRP as monotherapy?
Eberhard et al. 2003
SRP removed 90% calculus
Er:YAG removed 60% on first time
Second time improved to 80%
What have systematic reviews of Er:YAG reported?
Niederman 2011
NSSD in PD, CAL, BOP, GR at 6-12mo
(SRP + Er:YAG vs SRP only)
What is the ideal distance/angle to use air-flow?
3-5mm 30-60degrees
Diode wavelength
805-980 (Slot et al. 2014)
Er:YAG wavelength
2940nm
Absorption peak of water
effectively absorbed by hydroxyl radical of calcium hydroxyapatite
Passanezi et al. 2015
What is the wavelength of Nd:YAG
1064nm
minimally absorbed by bone, cementum, dentin, calculus, and enamel - readily by soft tissues - also absorbed by hemoglobin making it effective in coagulation (Aoki 2008)
Wavelength of Er,Cr:YSGG
2780
Greater absorption by hydroxyl radical than water molecule (Aoki 2008)
What does Nd:YAG stand for?
neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet
Does air-polishing help subgingivally compared to SRP?
YES - for sub G biofilm (Flemming et al. 2012)
is air-polisher good for removing bacteria off implants?
YES - 100% removal of bacteria (Parham et al. 1989)
